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Description
Ophioglossum, commonly known as adder’s tongue fern, is a unique and ancient fern that belongs to the family Ophioglossaceae. It is one of the oldest ferns in existence, dating back over 400 million years. This perennial fern is characterized by its tall, erect fronds that grow from a central rhizome. The fronds are usually unbranched and have a single, fertile spike that emerges from the base of the frond. The spike is covered in small, greenish-yellow sporangia, which contain the fern’s spores.
Taxonomic Information
| Domain | Eukarya |
|---|---|
| Kingdom | Plantae |
| Phylum | Pteridophyta |
| Class | Ophioglossopsida |
| Order | Ophioglossales |
| Family | Ophioglossaceae |
| Genus | Ophioglossum |
Appearance
The fronds of Ophioglossum can grow up to 60 cm tall and are typically dark green in color. The fertile spike is much shorter than the frond and can range from light green to yellowish-brown in color. The sporangia on the spike are arranged in two rows and give the spike a bristly appearance. Ophioglossum is a deciduous fern and will die back in the winter months, re-emerging in the spring from the rhizome.
Care Guide
Ophioglossum is a relatively low-maintenance fern, but it does have some specific care requirements:
- Water: Keep the soil consistently moist but not waterlogged. Water when the top inch of soil feels dry to the touch.
- Fertilization: Feed with a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer every two to three weeks during the growing season.
- Soil: Ophioglossum prefers a well-draining, nutrient-rich soil. A mix of peat moss, perlite, and sand works well.
- Sunlight: Ophioglossum prefers partial to full shade. Avoid direct sunlight, which can scorch the fronds.
- Hardiness Zones: Ophioglossum is hardy in USDA zones 3-9.
Common Pests & Diseases
Ophioglossum is generally resistant to pests and diseases. However, it can be susceptible to root rot if the soil is too wet or poorly drained. To prevent root rot, make sure the soil is well-draining and avoid overwatering. If root rot does occur, remove affected fronds and repot in fresh soil.
Habitat
Ophioglossum is native to temperate regions of the world, including North America, Europe, and Asia. It can be found growing in a variety of habitats, including meadows, woodlands, and wetlands. In the wild, it often grows in nutrient-poor soils and can tolerate some degree of acidity.
Question and Answer
Q: Is Ophioglossum a good plant for beginners?
A: Yes, Ophioglossum is a relatively easy fern to care for and is a good choice for beginners.
Q: How often should I water my Ophioglossum?
A: Water when the top inch of soil feels dry to the touch. This will generally be once a week or so, but may vary depending on the conditions in your home.
Q: Can I grow Ophioglossum in a terrarium?
A: Yes, Ophioglossum can be grown in a terrarium as long as there is adequate air circulation and the soil is well-draining.
Q: How do I propagate Ophioglossum?
A: Ophioglossum can be propagated by dividing the rhizome in the spring. Make sure each division has at least one healthy frond and plant in fresh soil.
Related Plants
- Ophioglossum engelmannii
- Ophioglossum reticulatum
- Ophioglossum petiolatum
- Ophioglossum thermale
References
- “Ophioglossum vulgatum.” Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed October 18, 2021. https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?kempercode=a820.
- “Ophioglossum.” Flora of North America. Accessed October 18, 2021. http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=126325.
- “Ophioglossum vulgatum.” Royal Horticultural Society. Accessed October 18, 2021. https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/25608/ophioglossum-vulgatum/details.
