Zelkova
Contents
Description
Zelkova is a genus of deciduous trees with several species native to Asia. It belongs to the Ulmaceae family and is known for its attractive foliage, graceful form, and hardiness. Zelkova trees are often used as ornamental plants in parks, gardens, and streetscapes due to their tolerance to urban conditions and their aesthetic value. The leaves of Zelkova are serrated, elliptical, and dark green, turning yellow or red in autumn depending on the species. Zelkova trees can grow up to 30-40 meters tall and have a spreading canopy.
Taxonomic Information
| Domain | Eukaryota |
|---|---|
| Kingdom | Plantae |
| Phylum | Spermatophyta |
| Class | Magnoliopsida |
| Order | Rosales |
| Family | Ulmaceae |
| Genus | Zelkova |
Appearance
Zelkova trees have a distinct vase-shaped silhouette, with upright branches that gradually arch outward. The bark is smooth and grey, becoming furrowed with age. The leaves are alternate, simple, and serrated, with a glossy dark green color. The flowers are inconspicuous and green, appearing in spring. The fruit is a small drupe that turns brown in autumn. Zelkova trees are known for their beautiful autumn colors, which range from yellow to orange to red depending on the species. Overall, Zelkova trees have a graceful and elegant appearance that makes them a popular choice for landscaping.
Care Guide
Zelkova trees are relatively easy to care for and can tolerate a wide range of growing conditions. Here are some tips for keeping your Zelkova healthy:
- Water: Zelkova trees prefer moist, well-drained soil. Water deeply once a week, especially during hot and dry weather.
- Fertilization: Zelkova trees do not require frequent fertilization. Apply a slow-release fertilizer in spring or fall, following the manufacturer’s instructions.
- Soil: Zelkova trees can grow in a variety of soil types, but they prefer slightly acidic to neutral soil. Avoid planting Zelkova in compacted or poorly drained soil.
- Sunlight: Zelkova trees prefer full sun to partial shade. They can tolerate some shade, but too much shade can result in weak growth and susceptibility to diseases.
- Hardiness Zones: Zelkova trees are hardy in USDA zones 5-9.
Common Pests & Diseases
Zelkova trees are generally resistant to pests and diseases, but they can still be affected by some common issues:
- Scale insects: These small insects can infest the leaves and stems of Zelkova trees, causing yellowing and stunted growth. Use insecticidal soap or horticultural oil to control scale insects.
- Fungal leaf spot: This disease causes circular spots on the leaves of Zelkova trees, which can turn yellow and fall off. Remove infected leaves and use a fungicide if necessary.
- Anthracnose: This fungal disease can cause wilting, leaf spots, and defoliation in Zelkova trees. Keep the tree well-watered and use fungicides if necessary.
Habitat
Zelkova trees are native to Asia, where they grow in a variety of habitats including forests, hillsides, and riverbanks. They prefer well-drained soil and full sun to partial shade. Zelkova trees are adaptable to a wide range of climates, from temperate to subtropical. In cultivation, Zelkova trees are often used in parks, gardens, and street plantings due to their tolerance to urban conditions.
Question and Answer
Q: Are Zelkova trees deciduous?
A: Yes, Zelkova trees are deciduous, meaning they shed their leaves in autumn.
Q: Can Zelkova trees grow in shade?
A: Zelkova trees prefer full sun to partial shade, but they can tolerate some shade.
Q: Are Zelkova trees drought-tolerant?
A: Zelkova trees can tolerate some drought, but they prefer moist soil.
Q: How tall do Zelkova trees grow?
A: Zelkova trees can grow up to 30-40 meters tall depending on the species and growing conditions.
Related Plants
- Elm (Ulmus spp.)
- Hackberry (Celtis spp.)
- Maple (Acer spp.)
- Oak (Quercus spp.)
References
- “Zelkova.” Missouri Botanical Garden, www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?kempercode=c168.
- “Zelkova Serrata.” Royal Horticultural Society, www.rhs.org.uk/plants/24890/zelkova-serrata/details.
- “Zelkova.” The Morton Arboretum, www.mortonarb.org/trees-plants/tree-plant-descriptions/zelkova.
