Xylocarpus

Description

Xylocarpus is a genus of trees that belong to the family Meliaceae. They are native to the mangrove swamps of the Indo-West Pacific region. There are four species of Xylocarpus and all of them are used for various purposes such as timber, medicine, and traditional rituals. The most notable species is Xylocarpus granatum or crabwood, which is widely distributed in the region.

Taxonomic Information

Domain	Eukaryota
Kingdom	Plantae
Phylum	Spermatophyta
Class	Magnoliopsida
Order	Sapindales
Family	Meliaceae
Genus	Xylocarpus

Appearance

Xylocarpus trees can grow up to 30 meters tall with a trunk diameter of up to 1 meter. The bark is gray and rough, with deep fissures. The leaves are compound, with 5 to 7 leaflets that are oval in shape and up to 20 cm long. The flowers are small and white, clustered at the end of the branches. The fruit is a large woody capsule, up to 20 cm in diameter, with a hard shell that splits open when mature to reveal brown seeds.

Care Guide

Xylocarpus trees are adapted to grow in mangrove swamps and can tolerate saline soil and water. They prefer full sun to partial shade and can grow in a wide range of Hardiness Zones. The soil should be well-drained and moist. Fertilization is not necessary as these trees can grow in nutrient-poor soil. However, regular watering is important, especially during dry periods.

Common Pests & Diseases

Xylocarpus trees are generally resistant to pests and diseases. However, they can be affected by fungal infections such as leaf spot and root rot. These diseases can be prevented by ensuring good drainage and avoiding overwatering. Insects such as termites and borers can also attack the wood, causing damage to the tree. Regular inspection and treatment with insecticides can prevent infestation.

Habitat

Xylocarpus trees are found in the mangrove swamps of the Indo-West Pacific region. They are adapted to grow in saline soil and water and can tolerate tidal flooding. They play an important role in the ecosystem as they provide shelter and food for a variety of animals such as crabs, birds, and fish. They also help to stabilize the soil and prevent erosion.

Question and Answer

Q: How is Xylocarpus used in traditional medicine?

A: Xylocarpus is used to treat various ailments such as fever, cough, and diarrhea. The bark, leaves, and roots are used to make remedies.

Q: What is the timber of Xylocarpus used for?

A: The timber of Xylocarpus is used for construction, furniture, and boat building. It is resistant to water and decay.

Q: How does Xylocarpus protect the mangrove ecosystem?

A: Xylocarpus trees help to stabilize the soil and prevent erosion. They also provide habitat and food for a variety of animals.

Q: Is Xylocarpus endangered?

A: Xylocarpus is not currently listed as endangered. However, deforestation and habitat loss are threats to the species.

Related Plants

• Azadirachta indica
• Sapindus rarak
• Swietenia mahagoni

References

• https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/192204/2152635
• https://www.mangrove.at/mangrove-trees/mangrove-tree-xylocarpus.html
• https://www.researchgate.net/publication/303771951_Xylocarpus_Granatum_A_Promising_Medicinal_Plant_A_Review