Contents
Description
Sambucus Nigra, commonly known as elderberry or European elder, is a deciduous shrub that belongs to the Adoxaceae family. It is native to Europe, North Africa, and Western Asia. It can grow up to 20 feet tall and has a spread of 10-20 feet. It has dark green leaves that are arranged opposite each other and have a pinnate shape. The flowers are small, white, and fragrant, and they bloom in late spring or early summer. The fruit is a small, black or blue-black berry that is edible and commonly used in jams, jellies, and wines.
Taxonomic Information
| Domain | Eukaryota |
|---|---|
| Kingdom | Plantae |
| Phylum | Spermatophyta |
| Class | Magnoliopsida |
| Order | Dipsacales |
| Family | Adoxaceae |
| Genus | Sambucus |
Appearance
Sambucus Nigra is a multi-stemmed shrub with a rounded shape. It can grow up to 20 feet tall and has a spread of 10-20 feet. It has dark green leaves that are arranged opposite each other and have a pinnate shape. The leaves are 5-12 inches long and have 5-9 leaflets. The flowers are small, white, and fragrant, and they bloom in late spring or early summer. They are arranged in flat-topped clusters that are 6-10 inches wide. The fruit is a small, black or blue-black berry that is edible and commonly used in jams, jellies, and wines.
Care Guide
Sambucus Nigra is a low-maintenance shrub that is easy to care for. Here are some care tips:
- Water: Sambucus Nigra prefers moist, well-drained soil. Water it regularly, especially during dry spells.
- Fertilization: Fertilize in early spring with a balanced fertilizer.
- Soil: Sambucus Nigra prefers well-drained soil that is rich in organic matter.
- Sunlight: Sambucus Nigra prefers full sun to partial shade.
- Hardiness Zones: Sambucus Nigra is hardy in USDA zones 3-9.
Common Pests & Diseases
Sambucus Nigra is generally resistant to pests and diseases, but it can be affected by some common problems:
- Aphids: These small insects can cause distorted leaves and stunted growth. Control them by spraying with insecticidal soap.
- Spider mites: These tiny pests can cause yellowing leaves and webbing. Control them by spraying with insecticidal soap.
- Powdery mildew: This fungal disease can cause a white, powdery coating on the leaves. Control it by improving air circulation and avoiding overhead watering.
Habitat
Sambucus Nigra is native to Europe, North Africa, and Western Asia, but it has been introduced to North America, where it has become naturalized. It grows in a variety of habitats, including forests, meadows, and disturbed areas, and it is often found near streams or other sources of water.
Question and Answer
Q: Is elderberry poisonous?
A: The berries of Sambucus Nigra are edible and commonly used in jams, jellies, and wines. However, the leaves, stems, and unripe berries contain a toxic compound and should not be eaten.
Q: Can elderberry cure the flu?
A: Some studies suggest that elderberry extract can help reduce the severity and duration of flu symptoms, but more research is needed to confirm these findings.
Q: How do you prune elderberry?
A: Prune elderberry in late winter or early spring, before new growth appears. Remove any dead, diseased, or damaged wood, and cut back the remaining branches to promote bushiness.
Q: How tall does elderberry grow?
A: Elderberry can grow up to 20 feet tall and has a spread of 10-20 feet.
Related Plants
- Sambucus Canadensis (American elder)
- Sambucus Racemosa (red elderberry)
- Sambucus Cerulea (blue elderberry)
References
- Dirr, M. A. (2009). Dirr’s encyclopedia of trees and shrubs. Timber Press.
- Gilman, E. F., & Watson, D. G. (1994). Sambucus nigra: Elderberry. University of Florida, Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences.
- Tallamy, D. W. (2007). Bringing nature home: How you can sustain wildlife with native plants. Timber Press.
