Phymatocerotaceae
Contents
Description
Phymatocerotaceae is a family of aquatic liverworts that belong to the Marchantiales order. It is a small family that consists of only two genera, namely Phymatoceros and Riccardia. These plants are found in freshwater habitats like streams, ponds, and wetlands. They are characterized by their flattened, ribbon-like thalli that are anchored to the substrate by rhizoids.
Taxonomic Information
| Domain | Eukarya |
|---|---|
| Kingdom | Plantae |
| Phylum | Marchantiophyta |
| Class | Marchantiales |
| Order | Marchantiales |
| Family | Phymatocerotaceae |
| Genus | Phymatoceros, Riccardia |
Appearance
Phymatocerotaceae has a unique appearance that sets it apart from other liverworts. Its thalli are elongated, ribbon-like structures that are flat and translucent. They can grow up to 10cm in length and have a width of 2mm. The thalli are anchored to the substrate by rhizoids, which also absorb water and nutrients. The upper surface of the thalli is green and smooth, while the lower surface is brown and has scales. The reproductive structures are borne on stalks that arise from the thalli.
Care Guide
Phymatocerotaceae requires specific care to thrive in an aquarium or terrarium. Here are some care tips:
Water: These plants thrive in freshwater habitats. They require clean, well-oxygenated water to grow. Change the water frequently to prevent the buildup of toxins.
Fertilization: Phymatocerotaceae does not require fertilization, as it absorbs nutrients from the water and substrate.
Soil: These plants do not require soil, as they are aquatic. However, they do require a substrate to anchor their rhizoids.
Sunlight: Phymatocerotaceae prefers shaded areas with low to moderate light levels. Direct sunlight can damage the thalli.
Hardiness Zones: These plants are not hardy and cannot survive in temperatures below 68°F.
Common Pests & Diseases
Phymatocerotaceae is susceptible to certain pests and diseases that can affect its growth and appearance. Here are some common ones:
Algae: Algae can grow on the thalli and compete with Phymatocerotaceae for nutrients. Regular water changes and cleaning can prevent the growth of algae.
Fungal infections: Fungal infections can cause discoloration and decay of the thalli. Use a fungicide to treat fungal infections.
Snails: Snails can feed on the thalli and damage them. Remove snails from the habitat and use a snail trap to prevent their return.
Habitat
Phymatocerotaceae is found in freshwater habitats like streams, ponds, and wetlands. They grow on rocks, logs, and other submerged surfaces. They are widely distributed in tropical and temperate regions of the world.
Question and Answer
Q: How can I propagate Phymatocerotaceae?
A: Phymatocerotaceae can be propagated by spores or by division of the thalli.
Q: Can Phymatocerotaceae survive in brackish water?
A: No, Phymatocerotaceae requires freshwater to survive and cannot tolerate brackish water.
Q: Can I keep Phymatocerotaceae with fish?
A: Yes, Phymatocerotaceae can coexist with fish as long as the water is clean and well-oxygenated.
Q: Can I grow Phymatocerotaceae in a terrarium?
A: Yes, Phymatocerotaceae can be grown in a terrarium as long as it is provided with the appropriate substrate and water conditions.
Related Plants
Here are some related plants in the Marchantiales order:
- Marchantia
- Lunularia
- Sphaerocarpos
- Targionia
- Ptilidium
References
- Florschütz, P. A., & Gradstein, S. R. (2018). Guide to liverwort genera of tropical Africa. Tropical Bryology, 39, 1-252.
- Schuster, R. M. (1984). The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America, East of the Hundredth Meridian. Vol. V. Columbia University Press.
- Villarreal, J. C., Renner, M. A., & O’Kelly, C. J. (2005). Phylogenetic relationships of the genera of the Marchantiales inferred from rbcL sequences and morphological data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 36(2), 293-304.
