Contents
Description
Lithops, commonly known as living stones or stone plants, are a group of succulent plants that are native to Southern Africa. They belong to the family Aizoaceae and are known for their unique appearance that resembles small pebbles or stones. These plants are highly adapted to their arid environment and can survive long periods of drought by storing water in their leaves.
Taxonomic Information
| Domain | Eukaryota |
|---|---|
| Kingdom | Plantae |
| Phylum | Tracheophyta |
| Class | Magnoliopsida |
| Order | Caryophyllales |
| Family | Aizoaceae |
| Genus | Lithops |
Appearance
Lithops are small, compact plants that usually grow up to 1 inch in height and 2 inches in diameter. They have a unique appearance that resembles small stones or pebbles, hence their common name “living stones”. Their leaves are thick and fleshy, and they come in a variety of colors and patterns, including green, brown, gray, and red. Some species have a translucent window on the top of the leaf that allows light to enter and reach the chlorophyll layer.
Care Guide
Lithops are relatively easy to care for, but they do have specific requirements that need to be met to ensure their optimal growth and health.
Water
Lithops are succulent plants that can store water in their leaves, so they don’t need to be watered frequently. In fact, overwatering can be fatal to these plants. Allow the soil to dry completely between waterings, and when you do water, make sure to do it deeply to encourage the roots to grow deeper.
Fertilization
Lithops don’t need to be fertilized regularly, but you can give them a diluted cactus fertilizer during the growing season to promote healthy growth.
Soil
Lithops prefer well-draining soil that is slightly acidic. You can use a mix of sand, perlite, and peat moss to create a suitable growing medium.
Sunlight
Lithops need bright, direct sunlight to grow and thrive. In their natural habitat, they receive at least 6 hours of sunlight per day, so make sure to place them in a bright, sunny spot in your home.
Hardiness Zones
Lithops are hardy in USDA zones 9-11, which means they can tolerate temperatures as low as 20°F (-6°C) but prefer warmer temperatures above 50°F (10°C).
Common Pests & Diseases
Lithops are relatively pest and disease-free, but they can be affected by mealybugs, spider mites, and fungal infections. To prevent these issues, make sure to keep your plants clean and dry, and remove any affected leaves or plants immediately.
Habitat
Lithops are native to Southern Africa, where they grow in rocky, arid environments. They are well-adapted to survive long periods of drought by storing water in their leaves, and can also tolerate high temperatures and intense sunlight.
Question and Answer
Q: How often should I water my Lithops?
A: Allow the soil to dry completely between waterings, and then water deeply. During the winter months, reduce watering to once a month.
Q: Can I propagate Lithops?
A: Yes, Lithops can be propagated by division or by seed.
Q: Can Lithops be grown outdoors?
A: Yes, Lithops can be grown outdoors in warm, arid climates. They prefer well-draining soil and bright sunlight.
Q: Do Lithops flower?
A: Yes, Lithops do flower. The flowers are daisy-like and can be pink, yellow, or white.
Related Plants
- Conophytum
- Fenestraria
- Mesembryanthemum
- Pleiospilos
References
- “Lithops” by Steven A. Hammer, Timber Press, 1993.
- “Succulents: The Illustrated Dictionary” by Maurizio Sajeva and Mariangela Costanzo, Timber Press, 1994.
- “The Plant Book” by Michael Lavelle, University of Chicago Press, 2017.
