Geranium

Description

Geranium is a genus of perennial plants that belong to the family Geraniaceae. It is commonly known as cranesbill due to its long, beak-like seedpod. These plants are native to temperate regions of the world, including Europe, North America, and Asia. Geraniums are popular garden plants due to their attractive foliage and vibrant, showy flowers. They are easy to grow and require minimal maintenance, making them a favorite of both novice and experienced gardeners.

Taxonomic Information

Domain	Eukaryota
Kingdom	Plantae
Phylum	Spermatophyta
Class	Magnoliopsida
Order	Geraniales
Family	Geraniaceae
Genus	Geranium

Appearance

Geraniums are herbaceous plants that vary in height from a few inches to several feet. They have palmately lobed leaves that are typically green or variegated. The flowers are usually five-petaled and come in a range of colors, including pink, red, purple, and white. Geraniums bloom from spring to fall, with the peak blooming season occurring in mid-summer. Some species of geraniums have a pleasant fragrance that attracts bees and butterflies.

Care Guide

Geraniums are low-maintenance plants that are easy to grow. Here are some tips on how to care for your geraniums:

• Water: Geraniums prefer well-draining soil that is kept moderately moist. Water your geraniums deeply once a week, or more often during hot, dry weather.
• Fertilization: Feed your geraniums with a balanced fertilizer every four to six weeks during the growing season.
• Soil: Geraniums prefer soil that is slightly acidic and well-draining. They can grow in a range of soils, including sandy, loamy, or clay soils.
• Sunlight: Geraniums prefer full sun to partial shade. They can tolerate some shade but will not bloom as prolifically.
• Hardiness Zones: Geraniums are hardy in USDA zones 3 to 10, depending on the species.

Common Pests & Diseases

Geraniums are relatively pest and disease-resistant, but they can be affected by a few common problems. Here are some of the most common pests and diseases that affect geraniums:

• Botrytis blight: This fungal disease causes gray mold to form on the leaves and flowers. It can be prevented by avoiding overhead watering and providing good air circulation.
• Aphids: These tiny insects suck sap from the leaves and can cause stunted growth and yellowing leaves. They can be controlled with insecticidal soap or by spraying the plant with a strong stream of water.
• Caterpillars: These voracious feeders can quickly defoliate a plant. They can be hand-picked or controlled with Bacillus thuringiensis (BT).

Habitat

Geraniums are found in a variety of habitats, including meadows, woodlands, and rocky outcroppings. They prefer well-draining soil and can tolerate both sun and shade. Some species of geraniums are adapted to dry, rocky soil, while others prefer moist, fertile soil.

Question and Answer

Q: How often should I water my geraniums?

A: Geraniums prefer well-draining soil that is kept moderately moist. Water your geraniums deeply once a week, or more often during hot, dry weather.

Q: Can I grow geraniums in a container?

A: Yes, geraniums are well-suited to container gardening. Make sure the container has drainage holes and use a well-draining potting mix.

Q: How do I propagate geraniums?

A: Geraniums can be propagated by seed, stem cuttings, or division. Stem cuttings are the easiest and most reliable method.

Q: Can geraniums tolerate cold temperatures?

A: Geraniums are hardy in USDA zones 3 to 10, depending on the species. Some species are more cold-tolerant than others, so it’s important to choose a variety that is well-suited to your climate.

Related Plants

• Pelargonium
• Erodium
• Cranesbill
• Storksbill
• Impatiens

References

• “Geranium.” Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed 22 August 2021. www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?taxonid=286872.
• “Geranium.” Royal Horticultural Society. Accessed 22 August 2021. www.rhs.org.uk/plants/geraniums/.
• “Geranium.” University of Florida IFAS Extension. Accessed 22 August 2021. https://gardeningsolutions.ifas.ufl.edu/plants/ornamentals/geraniums.html.