Gastrodia

Description

Gastrodia is a genus of terrestrial orchids that belongs to the family Orchidaceae. The genus comprises of approximately 90 species and is native to tropical and temperate regions across the world. Gastrodia orchids are known for their medicinal properties and have been used in traditional Chinese medicine for centuries. The plants are root parasites and are often found growing in association with specific fungi in the soil. They lack chlorophyll and depend on the host fungi for nutrition.

Taxonomic Information

Appearance

Gastrodia orchids have fleshy, underground stems that can grow up to 30 cm long. The stems produce a few leaves at the base, which are usually deciduous. The flowers are usually small, with a tubular shape, and are often greenish-white or brownish in color. The inflorescence can be erect or drooping, and the flowers usually have a faint, sweet fragrance. Some species of Gastrodia have a unique, spherical structure at the base of the flower known as a “gastrodia bulb”.

Care Guide

Gastrodia orchids are relatively easy to care for and can be grown indoors or outdoors. Here are some tips for caring for your Gastrodia plant:

• Water: Gastrodia orchids prefer moist soil, but do not like to be waterlogged. Water the plant when the top inch of soil feels dry to the touch.
• Fertilization: Fertilize your Gastrodia orchid once a month during the growing season (spring and summer) with a balanced fertilizer.
• Soil: Gastrodia orchids prefer well-draining soil that is rich in organic matter. Use a mix of peat moss, perlite, and orchid bark.
• Sunlight: Gastrodia orchids prefer bright, indirect sunlight. Avoid direct sunlight or the leaves may burn.
• Hardiness Zones: Gastrodia orchids are not frost hardy and should be grown in USDA hardiness zones 9-11.

Common Pests and Diseases

Gastrodia orchids are relatively pest and disease resistant. However, they may be susceptible to mealybugs, spider mites, and scale insects. These pests can be controlled with insecticidal soap or neem oil. Gastrodia orchids may also suffer from root rot if overwatered, which can be prevented by ensuring the soil is well-draining.

Habitat

Gastrodia orchids are found in a variety of habitats, including forests, grasslands, and wetlands. They are often found growing in association with specific fungi in the soil, which they parasitize for nutrition. Some species of Gastrodia are also mycoheterotrophic, meaning they obtain their nutrition from both fungi and other plants.

Question and Answer

Q: Can Gastrodia orchids be grown indoors?
A: Yes, Gastrodia orchids can be grown indoors as long as they receive bright, indirect sunlight and are kept in well-draining soil.

Q: Are Gastrodia orchids difficult to care for?
A: No, Gastrodia orchids are relatively easy to care for and are not particularly demanding.

Q: What is the unique spherical structure found on some Gastrodia species?
A: The spherical structure is known as a “gastrodia bulb” and is thought to play a role in nutrient storage and reproduction.

Q: Are Gastrodia orchids used for medicinal purposes?
A: Yes, Gastrodia orchids have been used in traditional Chinese medicine for centuries and are believed to have a variety of health benefits.

Related Plants

• Coryanthes
• Cymbidium
• Dendrobium
• Epipactis
• Goodyera
• Phaius
• Pleione
• Spiranthes
• Vanilla

References

• “Gastrodia.” World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
• Chen, J., et al. “Gastrodia elata Blume: A Systematic Review on Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Clinical Studies.” Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, vol. 2015, 2015.
• Xu, X., et al. “Gastrodia elata Blume (Tianma): A Review of Biological and Pharmacological Activities.” Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, vol. 35, no. 6, 2015, pp. 709-714.