Contents
Description
Dryopteris is a genus of ferns that includes over 200 species, many of which are commonly known as wood ferns. These ferns are native to temperate regions around the world and can be found in a variety of habitats, from moist woodlands to rocky slopes. The name Dryopteris comes from the Greek words “dryas” meaning oak and “pteris” meaning fern, as some species of Dryopteris are often found growing on oak trees.
Taxonomic Information
| Domain | Eukaryota |
|---|---|
| Kingdom | Plantae |
| Phylum | Pteridophyta |
| Class | Polypodiopsida |
| Order | Polypodiales |
| Family | Dryopteridaceae |
| Genus | Dryopteris |
Appearance
Dryopteris ferns are known for their elegant fronds, which are typically pinnate and can grow up to 4 feet long in some species. The fronds emerge from a central rhizome and are often covered in fine hairs or scales. The color of the fronds can vary depending on the species, but most are shades of green, ranging from light green to dark green. Some species also have interesting textures or patterns on their fronds, such as the holly-like leaflets of Dryopteris affinis.
Care Guide
Dryopteris ferns are relatively easy to care for and can be grown both indoors and outdoors. Here are some tips for keeping your Dryopteris fern healthy:
- Water: Keep the soil evenly moist but not waterlogged. Water when the top inch of soil feels dry to the touch.
- Fertilization: Fertilize monthly during the growing season with a balanced fertilizer.
- Soil: Plant in well-draining soil that is rich in organic matter.
- Sunlight: Dryopteris ferns prefer partial to full shade, but some species can tolerate more sun.
- Hardiness Zones: Most species of Dryopteris are hardy in USDA zones 3-8.
Common Pests & Diseases
Dryopteris ferns are generally resistant to pests and diseases, but there are a few issues to keep an eye out for:
- Scale insects: These small, flat insects can attach themselves to the fronds and suck the sap, causing yellowing and stunting. Remove them by hand or with a solution of soap and water.
- Spider mites: These tiny pests can cause yellowing and bronzing of the fronds. Keep the air around the ferns humid to discourage spider mites.
- Fungal diseases: Dryopteris ferns can be susceptible to various fungal diseases, such as rust and leaf spot. Ensure good air circulation around the ferns and avoid overhead watering to prevent these issues.
Habitat
Dryopteris ferns can be found in a variety of habitats, from moist woodlands to rocky slopes. Some species prefer damp, shaded areas, while others can tolerate more sun and drier soil. Dryopteris ferns are native to temperate regions around the world, including North America, Europe, Asia, and Africa.
Question and Answer
Q: Can Dryopteris ferns be grown indoors?
A: Yes, many species of Dryopteris can be grown indoors as long as they are kept in a humid environment and receive sufficient light.
Q: How often should I water my Dryopteris fern?
A: Water when the top inch of soil feels dry to the touch, usually once or twice a week.
Q: Can Dryopteris ferns be propagated?
A: Yes, Dryopteris ferns can be propagated by dividing the rhizome in the spring or fall.
Q: Are Dryopteris ferns toxic to pets?
A: Dryopteris ferns are not considered toxic to pets, but it’s always a good idea to keep plants out of reach of curious pets.
Related Plants
- Athyrium
- Cyrtomium
- Polystichum
- Asplenium
References
- Britton, N. L., & Brown, A. (1970). An illustrated flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British Possessions: from Newfoundland to the parallel of the southern boundary of Virginia, and from the Atlantic ocean westward to the 102d meridian. Charles Scribner’s Sons.
- Hoshizaki, B. J., & Moran, R. C. (2001). Fern grower’s manual. Timber Press.
- Maarten J. M. Christenhusz, Xian-Chun Zhang & Harald Schneider. (2011). A linear sequence of extant families and genera of lycophytes and ferns. Phytotaxa, 19(1), 7-54.
