Dendrochilum

Description

Dendrochilum is a genus of orchids that belongs to the family Orchidaceae. This genus is native to Southeast Asia and the Pacific Islands. It consists of approximately 200 species that grow in a variety of habitats, such as lowland rainforests, montane forests, and mossy forests. These orchids are epiphytic or lithophytic, meaning that they grow on trees or rocks. Most species of Dendrochilum have a pseudobulb that stores water and nutrients. The pseudobulb produces one or more leaves and a flowering stem that bears small flowers arranged in racemes.

Taxonomic Information

Appearance

Dendrochilum orchids have a unique appearance that sets them apart from other orchids. The pseudobulbs are narrow and elongated, resembling bamboo stems. The leaves are thin and lance-shaped, growing up to 30 cm long. The flowers are small, measuring 1-2 cm in diameter, and arranged in racemes that can grow up to 60 cm long. The petals and sepals are usually white or yellow, while the lip is often brightly colored, with shades of red, orange, or purple. Some species have a pleasant fragrance that attracts pollinators.

Care Guide

Dendrochilum orchids have specific care requirements that differ from other orchids. Here are some tips to help you care for your Dendrochilum:

• Water: Dendrochilum orchids require frequent watering, especially during the growing season. Water them thoroughly, allowing the water to drain out of the pot. Do not let the potting mix dry out completely between watering.
• Fertilization: Dendrochilum orchids need regular fertilization to thrive. Use a balanced fertilizer with an N-P-K ratio of 20-20-20, and dilute it to half strength. Apply the fertilizer every two weeks during the growing season.
• Soil: Dendrochilum orchids grow best in a well-draining potting mix that is rich in organic matter. You can use a mix of bark, perlite, and sphagnum moss.
• Sunlight: Dendrochilum orchids prefer bright, indirect sunlight. Avoid direct sunlight, which can burn their leaves and flowers.
• Hardiness Zones: Dendrochilum orchids are tropical plants that require warm temperatures and high humidity to grow. They are not frost-tolerant and should be kept indoors in temperate regions.

Common Pests & Diseases

Dendrochilum orchids are susceptible to several pests and diseases that can affect their growth and flowering. Here are some common problems and their solutions:

• Spider mites: These tiny insects can suck the sap from the leaves, causing yellowing and wilting. Use a miticide to control the infestation.
• Mealybugs: These insects can hide in the crevices of the pseudobulbs and leaves, secreting a waxy substance that can attract ants. Use an insecticide to kill the mealybugs.
• Bacterial or fungal infections: These diseases can cause black spots or rot on the leaves, pseudobulbs, or flowers. Use a fungicide to control the infection and remove the affected parts.

Habitat

Dendrochilum orchids are found in various habitats throughout Southeast Asia and the Pacific Islands. They grow on trees or rocks in lowland rainforests, montane forests, and mossy forests. Some species are also found in disturbed habitats, such as plantations and gardens. Dendrochilum orchids are often epiphytic, meaning that they grow on the branches or trunks of trees, usually in the canopy. They can also be lithophytic, growing on rocks or cliffs.

Question and Answer

• Q: How often should I water my Dendrochilum orchid?
• A: You should water your Dendrochilum orchid frequently, especially during the growing season, and allow the potting mix to dry out slightly between watering. Avoid overwatering or letting the potting mix dry out completely.
• Q: What is the ideal temperature range for Dendrochilum orchids?
• A: Dendrochilum orchids prefer warm temperatures between 18-30°C (65-85°F) and high humidity between 50-70%. They are not frost-tolerant and should be kept indoors in temperate regions.
• Q: How do I fertilize my Dendrochilum orchid?
• A: You can fertilize your Dendrochilum orchid with a balanced fertilizer with an N-P-K ratio of 20-20-20, diluted to half strength. Apply the fertilizer every two weeks during the growing season, and reduce the frequency during the dormant season.
• Q: Why are the leaves of my Dendrochilum orchid turning yellow?
• A: Yellowing leaves in Dendrochilum orchids can be caused by overwatering, underwatering, lack of nutrients, or pests and diseases. Check the soil moisture, adjust the watering schedule, and fertilize the plant. If the problem persists, check for pests and diseases.

Related Plants

• Bulbophyllum
• Cymbidium
• Dendrobium
• Laelia
• Phalaenopsis

References

• Christenson, E. A. (2001). Dendrochilum of the Philippines.
• Christenson, E. A. (2002). Dendrochilum of Borneo.
• Govaerts, R., et al. (2021). World Checklist of Orchidaceae. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
• Pridgeon, A. M., et al. (2014). The Orchidaceae. Oxford University Press.