Cynara Scolymus
Contents
Description
Cynara Scolymus, commonly known as artichoke, is a perennial thistle that is native to the Mediterranean region. It belongs to the Asteraceae family and is known for its edible flower buds, which are commonly used in cooking. The plant can grow up to 1.5 to 2 meters tall and has large leaves that are deeply lobed and spiny. The flower buds are large and oval-shaped, with thick, fleshy scales that protect the edible portion of the bud.
Taxonomic Information
| Domain: | Eukarya |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Phylum: | Angiosperms |
| Class: | Eudicots |
| Order: | Asterales |
| Family: | Asteraceae |
| Genus: | Cynara |
Appearance
The artichoke plant has large, deeply lobed, and spiny leaves that can grow up to 50cm long and 30cm wide. The leaves are a bluish-green color and have a silvery sheen. The flower buds are the most recognizable part of the plant, with their large, oval shape and thick, fleshy scales that protect the edible portion of the bud. The flowers themselves are a vibrant purple color and can grow up to 10cm in diameter. The plant also produces smaller, secondary buds that are not as large or as fleshy as the primary buds.
Care Guide
Care for the artichoke plant requires regular watering, fertilization, and soil management. The plant prefers well-draining soil that is rich in organic matter. It also requires full sun exposure and is hardy in USDA zones 7-11. Water the plant regularly, making sure that the soil stays moist but not waterlogged. Fertilize the plant every few weeks during the growing season with a balanced, all-purpose fertilizer. Prune the plant in the fall to remove any dead or damaged leaves, and in the spring to promote new growth.
Common Pests & Diseases
The artichoke plant is susceptible to a variety of pests and diseases, including aphids, snails, slugs, and root rot. Aphids can be controlled with insecticidal soap, while snails and slugs can be controlled with copper barriers or bait. Root rot can be prevented by ensuring that the soil has good drainage and avoiding overwatering.
Habitat
The artichoke plant is native to the Mediterranean region but has been widely cultivated throughout the world. It prefers warm, dry climates and is often grown in coastal regions. The plant is often found in vegetable gardens and is an important crop in many agricultural areas.
Question and Answer
Q: Can I grow artichokes in containers?
A: Yes, artichokes can be grown in containers as long as the container is large enough to accommodate the plant’s size and root system.
Q: How long does it take for artichokes to produce buds?
A: Artichokes typically produce buds in their second year of growth.
Q: How do you harvest artichokes?
A: Artichokes should be harvested when the buds are firm and before they begin to open. Cut the bud off the plant with a sharp knife, leaving about an inch of stem attached.
Q: Can I grow artichokes from seeds?
A: Yes, artichokes can be grown from seeds, but they can be slow to germinate and require a long growing season.
Related Plants
- Cynara cardunculus
- Cynara cornigera
- Cynara humilis
- Cynara baetica
References
- “Artichoke (Cynara scolymus).” University of Illinois Extension, accessed September 30, 2021, https://extension.illinois.edu/veggies/artichoke.cfm.
- “Cynara scolymus.” Missouri Botanical Garden, accessed September 30, 2021, http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?kempercode=a721.
- “Artichoke.” Gardening Know How, accessed September 30, 2021, https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/edible/vegetables/artichoke/growing-artichokes.htm.
