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Description
Colophospermum Mopane, commonly known as mopane, is a deciduous tree native to southern Africa. It belongs to the legume family and is one of the most important trees in the region due to its many uses. The tree can grow up to 20 meters tall and has a characteristic shape with a short trunk and a large, spreading canopy. The bark is smooth and greyish-brown, while the leaves are bright green and fan-shaped, with a length of up to 12 cm.
Taxonomic Information
| Domain | Eukarya |
|---|---|
| Kingdom | Plantae |
| Phylum | Spermatophyta |
| Class | Magnoliopsida |
| Order | Fabales |
| Family | Leguminosae |
| Genus | Colophospermum |
Appearance
The mopane tree has a distinct appearance that makes it easy to identify. The leaves are fan-shaped and bright green, and they grow in clusters at the end of the branches. The trunk and branches are thick and gnarled, with a smooth greyish-brown bark that peels in strips. The tree produces small white or yellowish flowers that grow in clusters, followed by flat, brown seed pods that can be up to 15 cm long.
Care Guide
Mopane trees are hardy and can tolerate a range of growing conditions. However, they do require some care to thrive:
- Water: Mopane trees are drought-tolerant but benefit from occasional watering during dry spells. Water deeply, but allow the soil to dry out between waterings.
- Fertilization: Fertilize once a year in early spring with a balanced fertilizer. Avoid over-fertilizing, which can lead to weak growth.
- Soil: Mopane trees prefer well-drained soil with a pH of 6.0-7.5. Amend heavy clay soil with organic matter to improve drainage.
- Sunlight: Mopane trees prefer full sun but can tolerate partial shade.
- Hardiness Zones: Mopane trees are hardy in USDA zones 9-11.
Common Pests & Diseases
Mopane trees are relatively pest and disease-resistant, but they can be affected by:
- Spider mites: These tiny pests can cause yellowing and stunted growth. Treat with insecticidal soap or neem oil.
- Caterpillars: Caterpillars can defoliate a mopane tree if left unchecked. Handpick or treat with Bacillus thuringiensis.
- Root rot: Poor drainage can lead to root rot, which can be fatal. Ensure the soil is well-drained and avoid overwatering.
Habitat
Mopane trees are native to southern Africa and are found in a variety of habitats, including savannas, woodlands, and dry forests. They are adapted to hot, dry conditions and can tolerate periodic flooding. The tree is an important source of food and shelter for many animals, including elephants, giraffes, and antelope.
Question and Answer
Q: Can mopane wood be used for furniture?
A: Yes, mopane wood is highly prized for its durability and attractive grain patterns. It is often used for outdoor furniture and decking.
Q: Are mopane trees endangered?
A: No, mopane trees are not currently considered endangered. However, habitat loss and overharvesting for fuelwood and charcoal are threats to their long-term survival.
Q: Can mopane leaves be eaten?
A: Yes, mopane leaves are a common food source in southern Africa. They can be eaten raw or cooked and are high in protein and other nutrients.
Q: Is mopane wood toxic?
A: No, mopane wood is not toxic. However, the sap can cause skin irritation in some people.
Related Plants
- Acacia karroo
- Baikiaea plurijuga
- Dalbergia melanoxylon
- Entada abyssinica
- Sclerocarya birrea
References
- “Colophospermum mopane.” PlantZAfrica. South African National Biodiversity Institute, n.d. Web. 10 June 2021.
- “Mopane.” Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., n.d. Web. 10 June 2021.
- “Colophospermum mopane.” The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. International Union for Conservation of Nature, n.d. Web. 10 June 2021.
