Citrus Aurantium

Description

Citrus Aurantium, commonly known as bitter orange or Seville orange, is a small to medium-sized evergreen tree belonging to the Rutaceae family. It is native to Southeast Asia and has spread to many parts of the world, including the Mediterranean region, Africa, and the Americas. Bitter orange has been cultivated for centuries, primarily for its fruit, which is used in various culinary and medicinal applications.

Taxonomic Information

Appearance

The bitter orange tree can reach a height of up to 10 meters and has a rounded canopy with dense foliage. Its leaves are glossy and ovate, with a dark green color and slightly serrated margins. The tree produces fragrant white flowers that bloom in spring and summer, which later give way to round, orange-yellow fruits with a thick, bumpy skin. The pulp of the fruit is sour and bitter, hence the name “bitter orange”.

Care Guide

Bitter orange trees are relatively easy to care for and can be grown in a variety of conditions. Here are some tips for keeping your tree healthy:

• Water: Bitter orange trees prefer regular watering, especially during hot, dry weather. Avoid overwatering, as this can lead to root rot.
• Fertilization: Feed your tree with a balanced fertilizer every two to three months during the growing season.
• Soil: Bitter orange trees grow best in well-draining soil with a pH of 6.0 to 7.5. Amend heavy clay soils with organic matter to improve drainage.
• Sunlight: These trees need full sun to thrive, so plant them in a location with at least six hours of direct sunlight per day.
• Hardiness Zones: Bitter orange trees are hardy in USDA zones 9 to 11, where temperatures do not drop below 20°F (-6°C).

Common Pests & Diseases

Bitter orange trees are generally resistant to pests and diseases, but they can still be affected by a few common problems:

• Citrus rust mite: These tiny pests cause a rust-like discoloration on the leaves and fruit. Control with horticultural oil or insecticidal soap.
• Citrus leafminer: These small, white moths lay eggs on the leaves, which hatch into larvae that tunnel through the foliage. Control with neem oil or spinosad.
• Citrus canker: This bacterial disease causes raised, blister-like lesions on the leaves, fruit, and twigs. Control with copper fungicides.

Habitat

Bitter orange trees are adaptable to a wide range of habitats, from tropical to subtropical regions. They prefer well-drained soils and full sun exposure, but can also grow in partial shade. Bitter orange trees are commonly cultivated in orchards and home gardens for their fruit and ornamental value.

Question and Answer

Q: Can bitter orange fruit be eaten?

A: Yes, the fruit can be eaten, but it is very sour and bitter, and is usually used for making marmalades, jams, and liqueurs.

Q: How long does it take for a bitter orange tree to produce fruit?

A: Bitter orange trees usually start producing fruit within three to four years of planting.

Q: How often should I fertilize my bitter orange tree?

A: Apply a balanced fertilizer every two to three months during the growing season, or as recommended by the manufacturer.

Q: Can bitter orange trees be grown in containers?

A: Yes, bitter orange trees can be grown in containers, but they may not produce as much fruit as trees grown in the ground. Use a large container with good drainage, and repot every two to three years.

Related Plants

• Citrus limon (lemon)
• Citrus sinensis (sweet orange)
• Citrus reticulata (mandarin)
• Citrus paradisi (grapefruit)

References

• “Citrus aurantium.” Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed 23 June 2021. <http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?taxonid=287343&isprofile=0&basic=Citrus%20aurantium>.
• “Citrus aurantium.” University of Florida IFAS Extension. Accessed 23 June 2021. <https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/publication/HS1324>.
• “Bitter Orange.” Purdue University Center for New Crops and Plant Products. Accessed 23 June 2021. <https://hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/bitter_orange.html>.