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Description
Cicuta virosa, commonly known as water hemlock, is a highly toxic plant that belongs to the Apiaceae family. This plant is native to North America and Europe, and it can grow up to 6 feet tall. All parts of the plant, from the roots to the leaves, contain the toxic cicutoxin, which can cause convulsions, seizures, and even death if ingested.
Taxonomic Information
| Domain | Eukaryota |
|---|---|
| Kingdom | Plantae |
| Phylum | Spermatophyta |
| Class | Magnoliopsida |
| Order | Apiales |
| Family | Apiaceae |
| Genus | Cicuta |
Appearance
Water hemlock is a perennial plant with a thick, fleshy stem that is hollow on the inside. The stem is green or reddish-brown and can grow up to 2 inches in diameter. The leaves are compound and pinnate, with toothed leaflets that are lance-shaped and pointed. The flowers are small and white, arranged in clusters at the end of the stem. The fruit is a small, flat, oval-shaped seed that is dark brown or black.
Care Guide
Water hemlock is not suitable for cultivation due to its high toxicity. It is best to avoid growing this plant and instead focus on other non-toxic plants. If you come across water hemlock while hiking or exploring, it is important to avoid touching or ingesting any part of the plant.
Water
Water hemlock prefers moist soil and can tolerate wet conditions.
Fertilization
No fertilizer is needed for water hemlock as it is not suitable for cultivation.
Soil
Water hemlock grows in a variety of soils, including wetlands and marshes.
Sunlight
Water hemlock prefers full sun to partial shade.
Hardiness Zones
Water hemlock is hardy in USDA zones 4-9.
Common Pests & Diseases
Water hemlock is not affected by many pests or diseases due to its high toxicity.
Habitat
Water hemlock is found in wetlands, marshes, and along stream banks in North America and Europe. It is a highly invasive species that can quickly take over natural areas and displace native plant species.
Question and Answer
Q: Can water hemlock be used for medicinal purposes?
A: No, water hemlock is highly toxic and should never be used for medicinal purposes.
Q: Is water hemlock a native plant?
A: Yes, water hemlock is native to North America and Europe.
Q: How can I identify water hemlock?
A: Water hemlock has compound, toothed leaves and small, white flowers arranged in clusters at the end of the stem. The stem is thick and fleshy, with a hollow interior.
Q: What should I do if I come into contact with water hemlock?
A: If you come into contact with water hemlock, wash the affected area with soap and water and seek medical attention immediately if you experience any symptoms.
Related Plants
- Cicuta maculata (Spotted Water Hemlock)
- Cicuta douglasii (Western Water Hemlock)
- Cicuta bulbifera (Bulb-bearing Water Hemlock)
References
- https://www.poison.org/articles/2013-jun/hemlock-poisoning
- https://www.fs.fed.us/wildflowers/plant-of-the-week/cicuta_virosa.shtml
- https://www.invasivespeciesinfo.gov/profile/water-hemlock
