Calycanthus

Description

Calycanthus, commonly known as sweetshrub or Carolina allspice, is a genus of flowering plants that belongs to the family Calycanthaceae. This genus contains only four species, each of which is native to specific areas of the eastern United States and eastern Asia. Calycanthus species are deciduous shrubs that grow up to 10 feet tall with a spread of 6-10 feet. They are well-known for their fragrant flowers that bloom in late spring and early summer. The leaves of Calycanthus are simple, opposite, and 2-6 inches long with a glossy dark green color. The bark of these shrubs is brown and smooth, and the wood is brittle and easily broken.

Taxonomic Information

Appearance

Calycanthus plants have unique and attractive flowers that resemble small reddish-brown water lilies. The flowers are approximately 2 inches across and have numerous petals surrounding a central cone of yellow stamens. The flowers are sweetly scented and have a fruity fragrance that has been compared to strawberries or pineapple. The leaves of Calycanthus are oval-shaped with pointed tips and are a glossy dark green color. In the fall, the leaves turn a vibrant yellow color before dropping off for the winter. The bark of Calycanthus is smooth and brown with a whitish cast as it ages.

Care Guide

Calycanthus plants are relatively easy to care for and require minimal maintenance. Here are some tips on how to care for your Calycanthus:

• Water: Calycanthus prefers moist soil but can tolerate occasional drought. Water regularly during the growing season, but reduce watering in the fall and winter.
• Fertilization: Fertilize your Calycanthus in the spring with a balanced fertilizer. Avoid fertilizing in the fall or winter.
• Soil: Calycanthus prefers well-drained soil that is rich in organic matter. It can tolerate a range of soil types, including sandy and clay soils.
• Sunlight: Calycanthus prefers partial shade but can tolerate full sun. It is best to plant Calycanthus in a location that receives morning sun and afternoon shade.
• Hardiness Zones: Calycanthus is hardy in USDA zones 5-9.

Common Pests & Diseases

Calycanthus plants are relatively pest and disease-resistant, but they can still be affected by some common issues. Here are some of the pests and diseases that can affect Calycanthus:

• Aphids: These small, soft-bodied insects can suck sap from the leaves and stems of Calycanthus, causing them to distort and curl. Use insecticidal soap to control aphids.
• Spider mites: These tiny pests can infest Calycanthus, causing the leaves to turn yellow and drop off. Use a miticide to control spider mites.
• Fungal diseases: Calycanthus can be susceptible to fungal diseases such as powdery mildew and leaf spot. These diseases can be prevented by providing good air circulation around the plant and avoiding overhead watering.

Habitat

Calycanthus species are native to specific areas of the eastern United States and eastern Asia. Calycanthus floridus, also known as eastern sweetshrub, is native to the southeastern United States, while Calycanthus occidentalis, also known as western sweetshrub, is native to the western United States. Calycanthus chinensis, also known as Chinese sweetshrub, is native to China, and Calycanthus fertilis, also known as Japan sweetshrub, is native to Japan. These shrubs prefer moist soils and can be found growing in woodlands, along stream banks, and in other moist areas.

Question and Answer

• Q: Can Calycanthus tolerate full sun?
• A: Yes, Calycanthus can tolerate full sun, but it prefers partial shade.
• Q: How often should I fertilize my Calycanthus?
• A: Fertilize your Calycanthus in the spring with a balanced fertilizer.
• Q: What are some common pests that can affect Calycanthus?
• A: Some common pests that can affect Calycanthus include aphids and spider mites.
• Q: What is the hardiness zone for Calycanthus?
• A: Calycanthus is hardy in USDA zones 5-9.

Related Plants

• Chimonanthus praecox (wintersweet)
• Clethra alnifolia (summersweet)
• Hamamelis virginiana (witch hazel)
• Lindera benzoin (spicebush)

References

• “Calycanthus.” Missouri Botanical Garden, www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?kempercode=c720.
• “Calycanthus.” The Morton Arboretum, www.mortonarb.org/trees-plants/tree-plant-descriptions/calycanthus.
• “Calycanthus.” North Carolina State University Extension, content.ces.ncsu.edu/calycanthus.