Contents
Description
Brassica Oleracea Var. Gemmifera, commonly known as Brussels sprouts, is a leafy green vegetable that belongs to the cabbage family. It is a cultivar of the wild cabbage, Brassica oleracea, and is grown for its small, tightly-packed leaf buds that resemble miniature cabbages. Brussels sprouts are a cool-season crop that is typically grown in the fall and winter months. They are a rich source of vitamins C, K, and A, as well as fiber, folate, and potassium.
Taxonomic Information
| Domain | Eukarya |
|---|---|
| Kingdom | Plantae |
| Phylum | Angiosperms |
| Class | Eudicots |
| Order | Brassicales |
| Family | Brassicaceae |
| Genus | Brassica |
Appearance
Brussels sprouts grow on a tall, upright stem and can reach a height of two to three feet. The small, round leaf buds grow in a spiral pattern along the stem, with the largest buds at the bottom and the smallest at the top. The buds are typically one to two inches in diameter and are a bright green color. As the plant matures, the buds become more tightly packed and the lower leaves start to yellow and fall off. If left unharvested, the buds will continue to grow and eventually bloom into yellow flowers.
Care Guide
Water: Brussels sprouts require consistent moisture, so it is important to water them regularly. Keep the soil evenly moist, but not waterlogged.
Fertilization: Brussels sprouts are heavy feeders and require regular fertilization throughout the growing season. Use a balanced fertilizer every four to six weeks.
Soil: Brussels sprouts prefer well-drained, fertile soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.5. Amend the soil with compost or aged manure before planting to improve soil fertility and texture.
Sunlight: Brussels sprouts prefer full sun, but can tolerate partial shade.
Hardiness Zones: Brussels sprouts are a cool-season crop that is typically grown in USDA Hardiness Zones 3-9.
Common Pests & Diseases
Brussels sprouts are susceptible to a variety of pests and diseases, including aphids, cabbage worms, flea beetles, and clubroot. Common diseases include black rot, downy mildew, and powdery mildew. To prevent these problems, keep the plants healthy and well-maintained, and practice crop rotation.
Habitat
Brussels sprouts are native to the Mediterranean region and were first cultivated in Belgium in the 16th century. Today, they are grown in temperate regions around the world, including Europe, North America, and Asia. They prefer cool temperatures and are typically grown as a fall or winter crop.
Question and Answer
Q: When is the best time to plant Brussels sprouts?
A: Brussels sprouts are a cool-season crop that is typically grown in the fall and winter months. Plant them in late summer or early fall, depending on your location.
Q: How do you harvest Brussels sprouts?
A: Harvest Brussels sprouts when the buds are firm and have reached their full size. Cut the buds off the stem with a sharp knife or pruning shears, starting from the bottom of the plant and working your way up.
Q: How long does it take for Brussels sprouts to mature?
A: Brussels sprouts typically take 90-180 days from planting to harvest, depending on the variety and growing conditions.
Q: Can you grow Brussels sprouts in containers?
A: Yes, Brussels sprouts can be grown in containers as long as the container is large enough to accommodate the plant and has good drainage.
Related Plants
- Broccoli
- Cabbage
- Cauliflower
- Kale
- Turnips
References
- “Brussels Sprouts.” University of Illinois Extension. https://extension.illinois.edu/veggies/brussels_sprouts.cfm
- “Brussels Sprouts.” Organic Gardening. https://www.organicgardening.com/plants/brussels-sprouts
- “Growing Brussels Sprouts.” Gardening Know How. https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/edible/vegetables/brussels-sprouts/growing-brussel-sprouts.htm
