Azadirachta
Contents
Description
Azadirachta, commonly known as neem tree, is a fast-growing, evergreen tree native to the Indian subcontinent. It belongs to the Meliaceae family and is widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions for its medicinal and pest-repellent properties. The tree can grow up to 20-30 meters in height and has a dense, spreading crown with a grey-brown bark. Its leaves are alternate, pinnate, and 20-40 cm long, with 20-31 leaflets. The tree produces fragrant, white flowers that bloom between February and April, followed by small, oval-shaped fruits that turn yellow when ripe.
Taxonomic Information
| Domain | Eukarya |
|---|---|
| Kingdom | Plantae |
| Phylum | Spermatophyta |
| Class | Magnoliopsida |
| Order | Sapindales |
| Family | Meliaceae |
| Genus | Azadirachta |
Appearance
The neem tree has a distinctive appearance with its large, lush green leaves and pale grey bark. Its leaves are oblong, pointed, and slightly serrated, with a shiny surface. The branches are long and drooping, giving the tree a weeping appearance. The tree produces fragrant white flowers that are small and star-shaped, with five petals. The fruits are small, yellow-green drupes that contain a single seed.
Care Guide
The neem tree is easy to grow and maintain. It requires regular watering, especially during the hot summer months, and well-draining soil. The tree prefers full sun but can tolerate partial shade. It is hardy in zones 9-12 and can be grown in containers or in the ground. Fertilization is not necessary, but a balanced fertilizer can be applied in the spring to promote growth.
Common Pests & Diseases
The neem tree is highly resistant to pests and diseases. However, it can be affected by scale insects, spider mites, and aphids. These pests can be controlled by spraying the tree with neem oil or insecticidal soap. The tree is also susceptible to fungal diseases such as powdery mildew and root rot, which can be prevented by ensuring proper drainage and good air circulation.
Habitat
The neem tree is native to the Indian subcontinent, where it grows in tropical and subtropical regions. It is widely cultivated in Asia, Africa, and the Caribbean for its medicinal and pest-repellent properties. The tree prefers well-draining soil and a warm, humid climate.
Question and Answer
Q: What are the medicinal properties of the neem tree?
A: The neem tree has been used in traditional medicine for centuries to treat a variety of ailments, including fever, cough, diarrhea, and skin disorders. Its extracts are also used as an insect repellent and pesticide.
Q: Can the neem tree be grown indoors?
A: Yes, the neem tree can be grown in containers and kept indoors as a houseplant. It requires bright, indirect sunlight and regular watering.
Q: What is neem oil?
A: Neem oil is a vegetable oil extracted from the seeds of the neem tree. It is used in cosmetics, soaps, and insecticides due to its antibacterial and insecticidal properties.
Q: Is the neem tree an invasive species?
A: No, the neem tree is not considered an invasive species. It is widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions and is an important source of income for many farmers.
Related Plants
- Melia azedarach
- Cedrela odorata
- Mahogany
References
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azadirachta_indica
- https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/ornamental/trees/neem/growing-neem-trees.htm
- https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/neem-oil
