Azadirachta Indica
Contents
Description
Azadirachta Indica, commonly known as neem or Indian lilac, is a fast-growing evergreen tree native to the Indian subcontinent, Afghanistan, and Iran. It belongs to the mahogany family (Meliaceae) and is known for its medicinal properties. Neem is a versatile plant that has been used for various purposes, including medicine, personal care, and pest control. It is known to be resistant to drought and pests and can grow up to 20 meters in height.
Taxonomic Information
| Domain | Eukarya |
|---|---|
| Kingdom | Plantae |
| Phylum | Tracheophyta |
| Class | Magnoliopsida |
| Order | Sapindales |
| Family | Meliaceae |
| Genus | Azadirachta |
Appearance
The neem tree has a dense, spreading canopy with pinnate leaves that are arranged alternately along the stem. The leaves are dark green, long, and narrow with toothed edges. The tree produces small, fragrant white or yellow flowers that grow in clusters. The fruit of the neem tree is a drupe that is oval-shaped and green when young, turning yellow as it ripens.
Care Guide
Neem trees are easy to care for and can be grown in a variety of conditions. They require moderate watering and should be fertilized once or twice a year with a balanced fertilizer. The soil should be well-draining and slightly acidic. Neem trees prefer full sun but can tolerate partial shade. They are hardy in USDA Zones 10-12.
Common Pests & Diseases
The neem tree is known for its pest-repelling properties and is resistant to many pests and diseases. However, it can be affected by caterpillars, mealybugs, and spider mites. These can be controlled with insecticidal soap or neem oil. Fungal diseases such as powdery mildew and leaf spot can also affect neem trees. These can be prevented by avoiding overhead watering and ensuring good air circulation around the plant.
Habitat
The neem tree is native to the Indian subcontinent, where it grows in a variety of habitats, including dry forests, savannas, and grasslands. It is also found in parts of Southeast Asia, Africa, and the Middle East. It prefers warm, dry climates and can tolerate drought and high temperatures.
Question and Answer
Q: Is neem oil safe to use on plants?
A: Yes, neem oil is safe to use on plants and is an effective natural pesticide.
Q: Can neem leaves be used for medicinal purposes?
A: Yes, neem leaves are used in traditional medicine to treat a variety of ailments, including skin diseases, fever, and respiratory conditions.
Q: How long does it take for a neem tree to grow?
A: Neem trees can grow up to 20 meters in height and can take up to 5-10 years to reach maturity.
Q: Can neem trees be grown in containers?
A: Yes, neem trees can be grown in large containers, but they will need to be repotted as they grow.
Related Plants
- Melia Azedarach
- Swietenia Mahagoni
- Cedrela Odorata
References
- “Azadirachta indica.” Missouri Botanical Garden. https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?taxonid=285327&isprofile=0&basic=neem
- “Azadirachta indica.” Plants of the World Online. http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30001139-2
- “Azadirachta indica.” Purdue University Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture. https://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/duke_energy/Azadirachta_indica.html
