Simmondsia

Description

Simmondsia is a small evergreen shrub native to the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico. It is also known as Jojoba, goat nut, deer nut, pignut, wild hazel, quinine nut, coffeeberry, and gray box bush. The plant is unique because it produces a wax-like substance called Jojoba oil, which is widely used in cosmetics, hair care products, and even as a biodiesel fuel.

Taxonomic Information

Domain	Eukaryota
Kingdom	Plantae
Phylum	Spermatophyta
Class	Magnoliopsida
Order	Cornales
Family	Simmondsiaceae
Genus	Simmondsia

Appearance

The Simmondsia plant has a slow growth rate and can reach up to 15 feet in height. Its leaves are leathery, shiny, and oval-shaped with smooth edges. The plant produces small, greenish-yellow flowers that bloom in late winter or early spring. The fruit is a hard, green, and wrinkled capsule that contains one or two seeds. The seeds are the source of the Jojoba oil, which is extracted by pressing them.

Care Guide

Simmondsia is a hardy plant that can tolerate a wide range of soils and temperatures. However, it prefers well-drained soils with a neutral pH and requires regular watering during the growing season. Fertilization is not necessary, but a light application of a balanced fertilizer in the spring can help promote growth. The plant thrives in full sun or partial shade and is hardy to USDA zones 9 to 11.

Common Pests & Diseases

Simmondsia is generally resistant to pests and diseases. However, it can be susceptible to root rot if the soil is poorly drained. The plant may also be attacked by spider mites, aphids, or scale insects, which can be controlled with insecticidal soap or horticultural oil.

Habitat

Simmondsia is native to desert regions of the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico. It is commonly found in sandy or rocky soils in areas with low rainfall and high temperatures. The plant is also cultivated in other regions of the world, including Israel, Argentina, and Australia.

Question and Answer

Q: Can Jojoba oil be used for cooking?
A: No, Jojoba oil is not recommended for cooking as it has a high melting point and can leave a waxy residue on food.

Q: Is Simmondsia a good plant for landscaping?
A: Yes, Simmondsia can be used as an ornamental plant in dry gardens or as a hedge in areas with a Mediterranean climate.

Q: Is Jojoba oil safe for use on the skin?
A: Yes, Jojoba oil is non-toxic and non-allergenic, making it safe for use on the skin. It is also non-comedogenic, which means it won’t clog pores.

Q: How long does it take for Simmondsia to produce seeds?
A: Simmondsia plants can take up to five years to produce seeds, which are usually harvested in the fall.

Related Plants

• Argania spinosa
• Camellia sinensis
• Cocos nucifera
• Prunus dulcis

References

• “Simmondsia chinensis.” Missouri Botanical Garden, www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?taxonid=277470&isprofile=0&cv=5.
• “Jojoba.” National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 23 Feb. 2021, www.nccih.nih.gov/health/jojoba.
• “Jojoba Oil.” Cosmetics Info, Personal Care Products Council, www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/jojoba-oil-0.