Contents
Description
Sambucus Canadensis, commonly known as American elderberry, is a deciduous shrub native to North America. It can grow up to 12 feet tall and 10 feet wide, with a multi-stemmed, spreading form. The leaves are compound with 5-9 leaflets, and the flowers are small and creamy-white, blooming in large flat-topped clusters in early summer. The fruit is a dark purple-black, juicy berry that is commonly used for making jams, wines, and syrups.
Taxonomic Information
| Domain | Eukarya |
| Kingdom | Plantae |
| Phylum | Angiosperms |
| Class | Eudicots |
| Order | Dipsacales |
| Family | Adoxaceae |
| Genus | Sambucus |
Appearance
The American elderberry has a unique appearance, with its large, flat-topped clusters of small, creamy-white flowers and dark purple-black berries. The leaves are dark green and have a serrated edge, and the bark is gray-brown and somewhat rough. During the fall, the leaves turn a beautiful yellow-orange color before dropping off for the winter.
Care Guide
Sambucus Canadensis is an easy plant to care for and maintain. It prefers to grow in moist, well-draining soil and requires regular watering. It can tolerate partial shade but thrives in full sun. Fertilize once a year in the spring with a balanced fertilizer. It is hardy in USDA zones 3-9.
Common Pests & Diseases
The American elderberry is susceptible to a few pests and diseases, including aphids, spider mites, and powdery mildew. To prevent these issues, keep the plant well-watered and prune any damaged or diseased branches. If necessary, treat with an insecticidal soap or fungicide.
Habitat
Sambucus Canadensis grows in a variety of habitats, including moist woods, swamps, and along streams and rivers. It is native to North America and can be found throughout the eastern and central regions of the United States and Canada.
Question and Answer
Q: Can I grow Sambucus Canadensis in a container?
A: While it is possible to grow Sambucus Canadensis in a container, it is not recommended. The plant can grow quite large and requires ample space to develop a strong root system.
Q: How often should I water my American elderberry?
A: Sambucus Canadensis prefers moist soil, so water regularly, especially during hot, dry weather. Avoid overwatering, as this can lead to root rot.
Q: When is the best time to prune my elderberry?
A: Prune in the late winter or early spring, before new growth begins. Remove any dead or damaged branches, as well as any crossing or rubbing branches. This will promote healthy growth and improve the plant’s overall appearance.
Q: Can I propagate my American elderberry?
A: Yes, you can propagate Sambucus Canadensis by taking softwood cuttings in the spring or hardwood cuttings in the fall. Dip the cuttings in rooting hormone and plant in well-draining soil. Keep the soil moist and provide partial shade until the cuttings have rooted.
Related Plants
- Sambucus nigra (European elderberry)
- Sambucus racemosa (red elderberry)
- Sambucus cerulea (blue elderberry)
References
- “Sambucus Canadensis.” Missouri Botanical Garden, www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?kempercode=a636.
- “Sambucus Canadensis.” Plants of the World Online, Kew Science, powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30002601-2.
- “American Elderberry.” The Old Farmer’s Almanac, 2021, www.almanac.com/plant/elderberries.
