Contents
Description
Sambucus is a genus of flowering plants that belongs to the Adoxaceae family. It is commonly known as the elderberry plant and consists of about 30 species. The plant is native to Europe, Asia, and North America and is widely cultivated for its edible fruits, flowers, and medicinal properties. The plant grows as a deciduous shrub or small tree, reaching a height of up to 10 meters. The plant is known for its fragrant flowers and dark purple or black berries that grow in clusters.
Taxonomic Information
| Domain | Eukaryota |
|---|---|
| Kingdom | Plantae |
| Phylum | Spermatophyta |
| Class | Magnoliopsida |
| Order | Dipsacales |
| Family | Adoxaceae |
| Genus | Sambucus |
Appearance
The elderberry plant has a rounded shape, with a dense canopy of leaves that are dark green and pinnately compound. The leaves are arranged in opposite pairs and have 5-9 leaflets that are serrated. The flowers are small, creamy-white, and have a sweet fragrance. The flowers bloom in early summer and are followed by clusters of dark purple or black berries that are about 1cm in diameter. The berries are edible, but they should be cooked before consumption.
Care Guide
Sambucus plants are easy to care for and require minimal maintenance. Here are some care tips:
- Water: Elderberry plants require regular watering, especially during hot and dry weather. Water the plant deeply once a week.
- Fertilization: Elderberry plants do not require fertilization, but you can add compost or organic fertilizer in the spring.
- Soil: Elderberry plants prefer well-draining, fertile soil that is slightly acidic.
- Sunlight: Elderberry plants prefer full sun to partial shade.
- Hardiness Zones: Elderberry plants are hardy in USDA zones 3-8.
Common Pests & Diseases
Elderberry plants are generally resistant to pests and diseases, but they can still be affected by some issues. Here are some common pests and diseases:
- Aphids: These small insects can cause damage to the leaves and stems of the plant. Use neem oil or insecticidal soap to control them.
- Powdery Mildew: This fungal disease can cause a white powdery coating on the leaves. Remove infected leaves and use a fungicide if necessary.
- Bacterial Canker: This bacterial disease can cause dieback and cankers on the branches. Remove infected branches and use a copper-based fungicide to control it.
Habitat
Elderberry plants are native to Europe, Asia, and North America and can be found in a variety of habitats, including forests, wetlands, and fields. They prefer moist, well-drained soil and full sun to partial shade.
Question and Answer
Q: Are elderberries poisonous?
A: The berries of the Sambucus plant are edible, but they should be cooked before consumption as the raw berries can cause stomach upset.
Q: What are the medicinal properties of elderberries?
A: Elderberries are known for their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. They are also used to treat colds, flu, and respiratory infections.
Q: How long do elderberry plants live?
A: Elderberry plants can live for up to 20 years if they are well-maintained.
Q: Can elderberry plants be grown in containers?
A: Yes, elderberry plants can be grown in containers, but they require a large container and regular watering.
Related Plants
- Adoxaceae
- Viburnum
- Sambucus canadensis
References
- “Sambucus.” The Royal Horticultural Society, www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/69521/Sambucus/Details.
- “Elderberry.” Missouri Botanical Garden, www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?kempercode=a547.
- “Sambucus nigra.” Plant Finder, www.monrovia.com/plant-catalog/plants/6976/black-lace-elderberry.
