Contents
Description
Aquilaria, also known as agarwood, is a genus of trees and shrubs that belong to the Thymelaeaceae family. This plant is native to Southeast Asia and is highly valued for its fragrant wood. The wood of Aquilaria trees produces a resinous substance that is used in perfumes, incense, and traditional medicines. Due to its high demand, the tree is now considered endangered in the wild.
Taxonomic Information
| Domain | Eukarya |
|---|---|
| Kingdom | Plantae |
| Phylum | Spermatophyta |
| Class | Magnoliopsida |
| Order | Malvales |
| Family | Thymelaeaceae |
| Genus | Aquilaria |
Appearance
Aquilaria trees can grow up to 40 meters tall and have a straight trunk with a diameter of up to 60 centimeters. The leaves are alternate, simple, and elliptic to lanceolate in shape. The flowers are small, yellowish-green, and have a tubular shape. The fruit is a small, woody capsule that contains numerous seeds. The most distinctive feature of Aquilaria trees is the fragrant resin that is produced in the heartwood, which gives the wood its unique aroma.
Care Guide
Aquilaria trees require regular watering and fertilization to maintain healthy growth. The soil should be well-draining and rich in organic matter. The tree prefers full sunlight but can tolerate partial shade. Aquilaria trees are hardy to USDA zones 10-12 and require protection from frost and strong winds. Pruning should be done in the dormant season to remove dead or diseased branches.
Common Pests & Diseases
Aquilaria trees are susceptible to a number of pests and diseases, including stem borers, leaf miners, and scale insects. The tree is also vulnerable to fungal diseases such as root rot and stem canker. Proper care and maintenance can help prevent these issues, but chemical treatments may be necessary in severe cases.
Habitat
Aquilaria trees are native to Southeast Asia and can be found in countries such as India, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand. The tree prefers warm, humid climates and grows in lowland rainforests and hilly regions. Due to over-harvesting and deforestation, the tree is now considered endangered in the wild.
Question and Answer
Q: What is agarwood used for?
A: Agarwood is used in perfumes, incense, and traditional medicines due to its unique fragrance.
Q: How do you propagate Aquilaria trees?
A: Aquilaria trees can be propagated from seeds or cuttings.
Q: What is the biggest threat to Aquilaria trees?
A: The biggest threat to Aquilaria trees is over-harvesting and deforestation.
Q: Can Aquilaria trees grow in cold climates?
A: No, Aquilaria trees require warm, humid climates and are not tolerant of frost or cold temperatures.
Related Plants
- Gyrinops
- Aetoxylon
- Paramacrolobium
- Parasponia
References
- Nguyen, T. H., Nguyen, V. D., & de Boer, H. J. (2021). Medicinal plants of Southeast Asia: a systematic review. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 269, 113676.
- Parthasarathy, U., & Bagchi, G. D. (2020). Agarwood (Aquilaria spp.): A Review. Indian Forester, 146(11), 1117-1128.
- Yamada, H. (2015). Agarwood: science behind the fragrance. Springer.
