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Description
Metrosideros Umbellata, commonly known as the New Zealand Christmas Tree or pohutukawa, is an evergreen tree or shrub native to New Zealand. The name “pohutukawa” comes from the Māori language, which means “sprinkled with dust.” The tree is known for its vibrant red flowers that bloom from November to January, which coincides with the New Zealand summer and Christmas season. The pohutukawa is a symbol of New Zealand’s coastal landscape, and it is often planted in public parks and private gardens.
Taxonomic Information
| Domain | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom | Plantae |
| Phylum | Spermatophyta |
| Class | Magnoliopsida |
| Order | Myrtales |
| Family | Myrtaceae |
| Genus | Metrosideros |
Appearance
The Metrosideros Umbellata can grow up to 20 meters tall, but it is often pruned to a smaller size. The tree has a spreading canopy with dark green, glossy leaves that are about 5 cm long. The flowers are the most distinctive feature of the pohutukawa, and they can range in color from deep crimson to bright red or pink. The flowers are about 8 cm in diameter and are arranged in clusters at the ends of the branches. After the flowers fade, they leave behind woody capsules that contain small seeds.
Care Guide
The Metrosideros Umbellata is relatively easy to care for, but it requires special attention during the first few years of growth. Here are some tips for caring for your pohutukawa:
- Water: Water the tree deeply once a week during the growing season, and reduce watering in the winter. The pohutukawa is drought-tolerant, but it prefers consistent moisture.
- Fertilization: Fertilize the tree with a balanced fertilizer in the spring and fall. Avoid over-fertilization, which can cause excessive foliage growth at the expense of flowers.
- Soil: The pohutukawa prefers well-draining soil that is slightly acidic. If your soil is heavy, amend it with sand or perlite to improve drainage.
- Sunlight: The pohutukawa prefers full sun but can tolerate partial shade. In areas with hot summers, protect the tree from afternoon sun to prevent leaf scorch.
- Hardiness Zones: The pohutukawa is hardy in USDA zones 9-11, which includes coastal regions of California, Florida, and the Gulf Coast.
Common Pests & Diseases
The Metrosideros Umbellata is generally resistant to pests and diseases, but it can be susceptible to the following:
- Scale insects: These small, flat insects can attach themselves to the leaves and stems of the pohutukawa and cause yellowing and wilting. Use a horticultural oil to suffocate the insects, or remove them manually with a soft brush.
- Fungal diseases: The pohutukawa can be susceptible to root rot and leaf spot, especially in poorly-drained soil. To prevent fungal diseases, ensure proper drainage and avoid overhead watering.
Habitat
The Metrosideros Umbellata is native to coastal regions of New Zealand, where it grows on rocky cliffs and sandy beaches. The tree is adapted to salt spray and strong winds, and it can tolerate drought and poor soil conditions. The pohutukawa is an important part of New Zealand’s ecosystem, providing habitat for birds and insects and stabilizing coastal soils.
Question and Answer
Q: Can the pohutukawa be grown in containers?
A: Yes, the pohutukawa can be grown in containers, but it may not reach its full size and flowering potential. Use a well-draining potting mix and fertilize regularly.
Q: How often should I prune my pohutukawa?
A: Prune your pohutukawa in the winter or early spring to control its size and shape. Remove any dead or damaged branches, and thin out the interior of the tree to improve air circulation.
Q: Are there any cultivars of the pohutukawa?
A: Yes, there are several cultivars of the pohutukawa, including ‘Aurea’ (yellow flowers), ‘Maori Princess’ (deep red flowers), and ‘Red Dwarf’ (compact growth habit).
Q: Is the pohutukawa a protected species in New Zealand?
A: Yes, the pohutukawa is considered a taonga (treasure) by the Māori people, and it is protected under the New Zealand Wildlife Act.
Related Plants
- Metrosideros Excelsa (New Zealand Christmas bush)
- Metrosideros Polymorpha (Ohia Lehua)
- Metrosideros Kermadecensis (Kermadec pohutukawa)
References
- “Metrosideros umbellata.” New Zealand Plant Conservation Network. https://www.nzpcn.org.nz/flora/species/metrosideros-umbellata/
- “Pohutukawa.” University of Florida IFAS Extension. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fp502
- “Pohutukawa.” New Zealand Geographic. https://www.nzgeo.com/stories/pohutukawa/
