Contents
Description
Lamiales is an order of flowering plants that includes a wide range of species, from herbs and shrubs to trees. The order is named after the type family, Lamiaceae, which includes familiar herbs such as mint, basil, and sage. In addition to Lamiaceae, the order also includes families such as Plantaginaceae, Verbenaceae, and Orobanchaceae. The Lamiales order is known for its economic and ecological importance, as many species are used for medicinal, culinary, and ornamental purposes.
Taxonomic Information
| Domain | Eukarya |
|---|---|
| Kingdom | Plantae |
| Phylum | Tracheophyta |
| Class | Magnoliopsida |
| Order | Lamiales |
| Family | Lamiaceae, Plantaginaceae, Verbenaceae, Orobanchaceae, and more |
| Genus | Varies by family and species |
Appearance
The appearance of Lamiales plants varies greatly depending on the family and species. Generally, Lamiales plants have simple, opposite leaves and produce whorls of flowers. The flowers can be tubular or bell-shaped and are often arranged in spikes or clusters. Some Lamiales plants have aromatic foliage, such as the mint family, while others have showy flowers, such as the snapdragon family.
Care Guide
Care for Lamiales plants varies depending on the family and species. Here are some general care guidelines:- Water: Most Lamiales plants prefer well-drained soil and moderate watering. Avoid overwatering or allowing the soil to dry out completely.- Fertilization: Some Lamiales plants benefit from regular fertilization, particularly those grown for ornamental purposes. Use a balanced fertilizer according to the manufacturer’s instructions.- Soil: Lamiales plants prefer well-drained, fertile soil. Amend heavy clay or sandy soil with compost or other organic matter.- Sunlight: Most Lamiales plants prefer full sun to partial shade. However, some species, such as Lamium maculatum, prefer shade.- Hardiness Zones: Lamiales plants vary in their hardiness, but many are suitable for USDA zones 5-9.
Common Pests & Diseases
Lamiales plants can be susceptible to a variety of pests and diseases, including:- Spider mites: These tiny pests can cause yellowing and stippling of leaves. Use an insecticidal soap or horticultural oil to control them.- Aphids: These small, soft-bodied insects can be found on new growth and can cause distorted leaves and stunted growth. Use insecticidal soap or neem oil to control them.- Powdery mildew: This fungal disease can cause a white, powdery coating on leaves. Improve air circulation and avoid overhead watering to prevent it.- Root rot: This fungal disease can be caused by overwatering or poorly-drained soil. Improve drainage and avoid overwatering to prevent it.
Habitat
Lamiales plants can be found in a variety of habitats, from deserts to rainforests. Many species are native to the Mediterranean region, while others are found in North and South America, Asia, and Africa. Some Lamiales plants are adapted to dry, arid conditions, while others thrive in moist, rich soil.
Question and Answer
Q: What are some common culinary herbs in the Lamiales order?
A: Some common culinary herbs in the Lamiales order include basil, oregano, rosemary, and thyme.
Q: What is the economic importance of the Lamiales order?
A: Many Lamiales plants are used for medicinal, culinary, and ornamental purposes.
Q: What are some examples of Lamiales plants that are adapted to desert conditions?
A: Examples include desert lavender (Hyptis emoryi), jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis), and creosote bush (Larrea tridentata).
Q: What is the hardiness range for Lamiales plants?
A: Lamiales plants vary in their hardiness, but many are suitable for USDA zones 5-9.
Related Plants
– Lamiaceae (mint family)- Plantaginaceae (plantain family)- Verbenaceae (verbena family)- Orobanchaceae (broomrape family)- Scrophulariaceae (figwort family)
References
– Stevens, P. F. (2001 onwards). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 14, July 2017. http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/- USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service. (n.d.). Plants Database. https://plants.usda.gov/java/
