Hymenophyllales
Contents
Description
Hymenophyllales is an order of delicate ferns commonly known as the filmy ferns. These ferns are notable for their thin and transparent fronds, giving them a delicate and ethereal appearance. There are around 700 species of filmy ferns that are distributed in tropical and subtropical regions all over the world. They are commonly found in humid and shady habitats such as forests, waterfalls, and caves.
Taxonomic Information
| Domain | Eukaryota |
|---|---|
| Kingdom | Plantae |
| Phylum | Pteridophyta |
| Class | Polypodiopsida |
| Order | Hymenophyllales |
| Family | Hymenophyllaceae |
| Genus | Hymenophyllum, Trichomanes, and others |
Appearance
Filmy ferns are characterized by their thin and transparent fronds that are usually less than 1 mm thick. Their leaves are usually simple and undivided, and they have a distinctive network of veins that are visible through the fronds. The fronds are typically lance-shaped, oval, or linear, and can grow up to 50 cm in length. They have a delicate texture and are usually a bright green color.
Care Guide
Filmy ferns are relatively easy to care for and are ideal for indoor gardening. Here are some tips for keeping your filmy fern healthy:
Water: Filmy ferns require consistently moist soil, so it’s important to water them regularly. However, they are sensitive to overwatering, so make sure the soil is well-draining and don’t let the roots sit in standing water.
Fertilization: You can fertilize your filmy fern with a balanced fertilizer once a month during the growing season (spring and summer). However, avoid using too much fertilizer, as this can cause the fronds to become brown and crispy.
Soil: Filmy ferns prefer a soil that is rich in organic matter and well-draining. You can use a mix of peat moss, perlite, and sand to create the ideal growing medium.
Sunlight: Filmy ferns prefer bright, indirect sunlight. Too much direct sunlight can cause the fronds to become scorched, while too little light can cause the plant to become leggy and weak.
Hardiness Zones: Filmy ferns are typically grown indoors or in greenhouses, but some species can be grown outdoors in warm, humid climates. They are typically hardy in USDA zones 9-11.
Common Pests & Diseases
Filmy ferns are generally resistant to pests and diseases, but they can still be affected by a few common problems. Here are some of the most common pests and diseases that affect filmy ferns:
Spider mites: These tiny pests can infest the fronds and suck the sap from the plant, causing the leaves to become yellow and dry. You can control spider mites with insecticidal soap or neem oil.
Scale insects: Scale insects are small, circular pests that attach themselves to the fronds and suck the sap from the plant. They can be controlled with insecticidal soap or neem oil.
Fungal diseases: Filmy ferns can be susceptible to fungal diseases such as root rot and leaf spot. These diseases are often caused by overwatering or poor drainage. To prevent fungal diseases, make sure the soil is well-draining and avoid getting water on the fronds.
Habitat
Filmy ferns are typically found in humid and shady habitats such as forests, waterfalls, and caves. They are native to tropical and subtropical regions all over the world, including South America, Africa, Asia, and the Pacific Islands. Some species can also be found in temperate regions such as Europe and North America.
Question and Answer
Q: Can filmy ferns be grown outdoors?
A: Some species of filmy ferns can be grown outdoors in warm, humid climates. However, most species are grown indoors or in greenhouses.
Q: How often should I water my filmy fern?
A: Filmy ferns require consistently moist soil, so it’s important to water them regularly. However, they are sensitive to overwatering, so make sure the soil is well-draining and don’t let the roots sit in standing water.
Q: What is the ideal growing medium for filmy ferns?
A: Filmy ferns prefer a soil that is rich in organic matter and well-draining. You can use a mix of peat moss, perlite, and sand to create the ideal growing medium.
Q: What is the hardiness zone for filmy ferns?
A: Filmy ferns are typically hardy in USDA zones 9-11.
Related Plants
Here are some other ferns that are related to Hymenophyllales:
- Adiantum spp. (maidenhair fern)
- Pteris spp. (brake fern)
- Athyrium spp. (lady fern)
- Cyrtomium spp. (holly fern)
References
- “Filmy fern.” Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., n.d. Web. 12 Jan. 2022.
- Smith, Alan R., Kathleen M. Pryer, Eric Schuettpelz, Petra Korall, Harald Schneider, and Paul G. Wolf. “A classification for extant ferns.” Taxon 55.3 (2006): 705-731.
- “Hymenophyllales.” The Plant List. n.p., n.d. Web. 12 Jan. 2022.
