Contents
Description
Citrullus is a genus of flowering plants in the family Cucurbitaceae, commonly known as watermelons. The fruit of the watermelon plant (Citrullus lanatus) is a large, juicy, and sweet fruit that is popular worldwide. Watermelons are thought to have originated in Africa, where they were cultivated for thousands of years. Today, watermelons are grown in many countries around the world and are enjoyed for their refreshing taste and high water content.
Taxonomic Information
| Domain | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom | Plantae |
| Phylum | Tracheophyta |
| Class | Magnoliopsida |
| Order | Cucurbitales |
| Family | Cucurbitaceae |
| Genus | Citrullus |
Appearance
Watermelon plants are sprawling vines that can grow up to 10 feet long. The leaves are large and lobed, and the flowers are yellow and unisexual. The fruit of the watermelon plant is a large, round or oblong fruit with a smooth and hard rind. The flesh of the fruit is juicy and sweet, and can range in color from pink to red to yellow. The seeds are small and black, and are often discarded when eating the fruit.
Care Guide
Watermelons require a warm and sunny environment to grow, and thrive in well-draining soil that is rich in organic matter. They should be planted in the spring, after the last frost has passed. Watermelons require consistent watering, especially during dry spells. Fertilization is important for watermelons, and they should be fertilized every 2-3 weeks with a balanced fertilizer. Watermelons are hardy in USDA zones 4-11, but may require protection from frost in colder climates.
Common Pests & Diseases
Watermelons are susceptible to a variety of pests and diseases, including aphids, cucumber beetles, and powdery mildew. Aphids can be controlled with insecticidal soap, while cucumber beetles can be controlled with neem oil or insecticidal soap. Powdery mildew can be prevented by ensuring proper air circulation around the plants and avoiding overhead watering. Other diseases that can affect watermelons include fusarium wilt and gummy stem blight.
Habitat
Watermelons are native to Africa, where they grow in a variety of habitats, including savannas, grasslands, and open woodlands. Today, watermelons are grown in many countries around the world, including the United States, China, and Turkey. They require a warm and sunny environment to grow, and thrive in well-draining soil that is rich in organic matter.
Question and Answer
Q: How long does it take for a watermelon plant to produce fruit?
A: Watermelon plants typically produce fruit 80-100 days after planting.
Q: How do you know when a watermelon is ripe?
A: A ripe watermelon will have a dull sound when tapped, and the stem should be dry and brown.
Q: Can you grow watermelons in containers?
A: Yes, watermelons can be grown in containers as long as the container is at least 5 gallons in size and has good drainage.
Q: Do you need to prune watermelon plants?
A: Pruning watermelon plants is not necessary, but can help to increase air circulation and reduce the risk of disease.
Related Plants
- Cucumis melo (cantaloupe)
- Cucumis sativus (cucumber)
- Cucurbita pepo (pumpkin)
References
- “Watermelon.” The Old Farmer’s Almanac, https://www.almanac.com/plant/watermelons.
- “Watermelon.” University of California Agriculture & Natural Resources, https://ucanr.edu/sites/gardenweb/Edible_Fruits_and_Nuts/Watermelon/.
- “Watermelon.” National Gardening Association, https://garden.org/plants/group/watermelon/.
