Cenchrus

Description

Cenchrus is a genus of grasses commonly known as sandburs, burgrasses, or sandspurs. It belongs to the Poaceae family, which is one of the largest families of flowering plants. This genus comprises around 300 species that are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Cenchrus is a C4 plant, meaning it has efficient photosynthesis and can thrive in harsh environmental conditions. These grasses are characterized by their spiny fruits that can cause injury and irritation to humans and animals.

Taxonomic Information

Appearance

Cenchrus grasses vary in size, shape, and color. They usually have a tufted or creeping habit and can grow up to 3 feet tall. The leaves are narrow, alternate, and have a prominent midrib. The inflorescence is a spike-like panicle that bears numerous spikelets. The spikelets are often enclosed in a bur that has sharp spines. The color of the inflorescence can range from green to purple or brown, depending on the species. Some species, such as Cenchrus ciliaris, have ornamental value and are used in landscaping.

Care Guide

Cenchrus grasses are easy to care for and can grow in different soil types. They are drought-tolerant and can withstand high temperatures, making them ideal for xeriscaping. Here are some tips on how to care for Cenchrus:

Water: Water Cenchrus grasses deeply but infrequently. They can tolerate drought but will benefit from occasional watering during prolonged dry spells.

Fertilization: Cenchrus grasses do not require heavy fertilization. A light application of nitrogen-rich fertilizer once or twice a year is enough to maintain their growth.

Soil: Cenchrus grasses can grow in different soil types, including sandy or clay soils. They prefer well-draining soils that are not too acidic or alkaline.

Sunlight: Cenchrus grasses require full sunlight to thrive. They can tolerate partial shade but may not flower as prolifically as when grown in full sun.

Hardiness Zones: Cenchrus grasses can grow in USDA hardiness zones 7 to 11.

Common Pests & Diseases

Cenchrus grasses are generally resistant to pests and diseases. However, they may be susceptible to some fungal diseases, such as leaf spots and rusts, especially under humid conditions. The spines of the burs can also cause injuries to humans and animals. To prevent fungal infections, avoid overhead watering and plant Cenchrus in well-draining soil. If the burs become a problem, remove them by hand or with a mechanical device.

Habitat

Cenchrus grasses are found in diverse habitats worldwide, from deserts to tropical rainforests. Some species are adapted to saline soils and can grow in coastal areas. They are also common in disturbed areas, such as roadsides, pastures, and abandoned fields. Cenchrus is an important grass genus for grazing animals, as it provides good forage quality and palatability.

Question and Answer

Q: Is Cenchrus used for erosion control?

A: Yes, some species of Cenchrus, such as Cenchrus ciliaris, are used for erosion control and soil stabilization. They have deep roots that can penetrate the soil and prevent erosion.

Q: Are Cenchrus grasses invasive?

A: Some species of Cenchrus, such as Cenchrus echinatus, can become invasive and form dense stands that outcompete native vegetation. However, most species are not considered invasive.

Q: Can Cenchrus be grown as a lawn grass?

A: Cenchrus is not commonly used as a lawn grass, as its spiny burs can be a nuisance. However, some species, such as Cenchrus setigerus, are used for low-maintenance lawns in arid regions.

Q: Can Cenchrus be grown in containers?

A: Cenchrus grasses can be grown in containers as long as they have adequate drainage and receive enough sunlight. Choose a species that stays relatively small, such as Cenchrus biflorus or Cenchrus pennisetiformis.

Related Plants

Here are some related plants to Cenchrus:

• Pennisetum
• Eragrostis
• Setaria
• Paspalum
• Andropogon

References

• Wikipedia contributors. (2021, August 6). Cenchrus. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 10:35, August 13, 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cenchrus&oldid=1037823237
• Bogler, D. J., & Simpson, D. A. (1995). Phylogeny of Cenchrus (Gramineae) based on chloroplast and nuclear DNA sequences. American Journal of Botany, 82(5), 575-582.
• USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service. (n.d.). Plants Profile for Cenchrus echinatus. Retrieved August 13, 2021, from https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=CEEC4