Contents
Description
Struthiopteris, commonly known as the Ostrich Fern, is a deciduous fern that belongs to the family Onocleaceae. It is native to North America, Europe, and Asia, and is known for its large size and distinctive appearance. The plant can grow up to six feet tall and three feet wide, and has large, feathery fronds that resemble ostrich plumes. These fronds grow in a vase-like shape, with the tallest fronds in the center and shorter fronds around the edges. Struthiopteris is a popular ornamental plant in gardens and landscapes, and is also used for culinary purposes, particularly as a vegetable in Japanese cuisine.
Taxonomic Information
| Domain | Eukaryota |
|---|---|
| Kingdom | Plantae |
| Phylum | Pteridophyta |
| Class | Polypodiopsida |
| Order | Polypodiales |
| Family | Onocleaceae |
| Genus | Struthiopteris |
Appearance
The fronds of Struthiopteris are the plant’s most distinguishing feature. They emerge in the spring as tightly coiled fiddleheads that unfurl into large, triangular fronds. The fronds are bright green and have a glossy, leathery texture. They are bipinnate, meaning they have multiple tiers of pinnae (leaflets) that branch off from the main stem. The pinnae are long and narrow, with a sharply pointed tip, and are arranged in an alternating pattern along the stem. The fronds of Struthiopteris grow in a clump, with the tallest fronds in the center and shorter fronds around the edges. The plant also produces spore-bearing structures, called sporangia, that grow on the undersides of the fronds.
Care Guide
Struthiopteris is a hardy plant that is relatively easy to care for. Here are some tips for growing and maintaining this fern:
Water
Struthiopteris prefers consistent moisture, so it is important to keep the soil evenly moist. However, the plant is also susceptible to root rot, so it is important not to overwater. Water deeply and infrequently, rather than giving the plant frequent shallow waterings.
Fertilization
Struthiopteris does not require regular fertilization, but a light application of balanced fertilizer in the spring can help promote growth and improve the plant’s overall health.
Soil
Struthiopteris prefers rich, well-draining soil that is slightly acidic. It is also important to ensure that the soil is high in organic matter, as this will help retain moisture and provide nutrients to the plant.
Sunlight
Struthiopteris prefers partial to full shade, and is not tolerant of direct sunlight. It is important to place the plant in a location that receives dappled sunlight or filtered shade.
Hardiness Zones
Struthiopteris is hardy in USDA hardiness zones 3-7, and can tolerate temperatures as low as -40°F (-40°C).
Common Pests & Diseases
Struthiopteris is relatively resistant to pests and diseases, but it can be susceptible to a few common problems:
Japanese Beetle
Japanese beetles can feed on the fronds of Struthiopteris, causing damage to the plant. Handpicking the beetles and using insecticidal soap can help control the infestation.
Slugs and Snails
Slugs and snails can also feed on the fronds of Struthiopteris, leaving behind large holes and ragged edges. Using slug baits or copper strips around the base of the plant can help deter these pests.
Rust
Rust is a fungal disease that can affect the fronds of Struthiopteris, causing yellow or brown spots and premature death of the affected fronds. Removing infected fronds and improving air circulation around the plant can help prevent the spread of the disease.
Habitat
Struthiopteris is native to a wide range of habitats, including moist woodlands, swamps, and riverbanks. It prefers soil that is high in organic matter and consistently moist, and is often found growing in areas with partial to full shade. The plant is also commonly found along streams and other bodies of water, as it can tolerate wet soil conditions.
Question and Answer
Q: Is Struthiopteris poisonous?
A: No, Struthiopteris is not poisonous and is safe for humans and animals to ingest. In fact, the young, coiled fiddleheads of the plant are considered a delicacy in some cultures.
Q: How fast does Struthiopteris grow?
A: Struthiopteris is a relatively slow-growing plant, and can take several years to reach its full size. However, once established, the plant is relatively low-maintenance and can continue to grow for many years.
Q: Can Struthiopteris be grown indoors?
A: While Struthiopteris can be grown indoors, it is important to provide it with a location that receives adequate sunlight and humidity. The plant prefers cool, moist environments, so it may be difficult to provide optimal growing conditions indoors.
Q: Can Struthiopteris be propagated?
A: Yes, Struthiopteris can be propagated through division in the spring or fall. Simply dig up the plant and carefully separate the clumps into smaller sections, making sure that each section has a healthy root system. Replant the sections in a suitable location and water thoroughly.
Related Plants
- Onoclea sensibilis (Sensitive Fern)
- Athyrium filix-femina (Lady Fern)
- Matteuccia struthiopteris (Shuttlecock Fern)
- Dryopteris filix-mas (Male Fern)
References
- Missouri Botanical Garden: Struthiopteris
- Royal Horticultural Society: Struthiopteris
- University of Illinois Extension: Struthiopteris (Ostrich Fern)
- Penn State Extension: Ostrich Fern
