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Description
Polystichum Aculeatum, commonly known as Hard Shield Fern, is a species of fern that belongs to the Dryopteridaceae family. It is native to Europe, North Africa, and Asia and is widely cultivated as an ornamental plant in gardens and landscapes.
Taxonomic Information
Domain | Eukaryota |
Kingdom | Plantae |
Phylum | Tracheophyta |
Class | Polypodiopsida |
Order | Polypodiales |
Family | Dryopteridaceae |
Genus | Polystichum |
Appearance
Polystichum Aculeatum has a clumping growth habit and can reach a height of up to 75cm. Its fronds are evergreen, leathery, and pinnate with a dark green color. The fronds can have up to 60 pairs of pinnae, which are toothed and have spiny tips. The plant produces spores on the underside of the fronds, which are covered by a thin membrane called the indusium.
Care Guide
Polystichum Aculeatum is a hardy plant that is relatively easy to care for. Here are some tips on how to care for this fern:
- Water: Water the plant regularly to keep the soil moist but not waterlogged. It can tolerate some dryness, but avoid letting the soil completely dry out.
- Fertilization: Fertilize the plant once a year in early spring with a balanced fertilizer. Avoid over-fertilizing, as this can damage the plant.
- Soil: Plant Polystichum Aculeatum in well-draining soil that is rich in organic matter. It prefers slightly acidic soil with a pH of 5.5 to 6.5.
- Sunlight: The plant prefers partial shade to full shade, although it can tolerate some morning sun.
- Hardiness Zones: Polystichum Aculeatum is hardy in USDA zones 5 to 8.
Common Pests & Diseases
Polystichum Aculeatum is generally resistant to pests and diseases. However, it can occasionally be affected by the following:
- Scale insects: These pests can cause yellowing and wilting of the fronds. Use horticultural oil to control them.
- Root rot: This disease is caused by over-watering and poorly draining soil. Improve drainage and avoid over-watering to prevent root rot.
- Leaf spot: This fungal disease can cause brown spots on the fronds. Remove affected fronds and avoid overhead watering to prevent leaf spot.
Habitat
Polystichum Aculeatum is a woodland plant that grows in shady, moist areas. It is commonly found in deciduous and coniferous forests, as well as on rocky slopes and cliffs.
Question and Answer
Q: Is Polystichum Aculeatum drought-tolerant?
A: While Polystichum Aculeatum can tolerate some dryness, it prefers moist soil and is not drought-tolerant.
Q: Can Polystichum Aculeatum grow in full sun?
A: Polystichum Aculeatum prefers partial shade to full shade and may struggle in full sun.
Q: How often should I fertilize Polystichum Aculeatum?
A: Fertilize the plant once a year in early spring with a balanced fertilizer.
Q: Can I divide Polystichum Aculeatum?
A: Yes, you can divide Polystichum Aculeatum in early spring or early fall. Make sure each division has several healthy fronds and roots.
Related Plants
- Polystichum Setiferum
- Polystichum Polyblepharum
- Polystichum Munitum
- Polystichum Tsus-simense
References
- “Polystichum aculeatum.” The Royal Horticultural Society, https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/17413/polystichum-aculeatum/details. Accessed 24 May 2021.
- “Polystichum aculeatum.” Missouri Botanical Garden, https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?taxonid=286990. Accessed 24 May 2021.
- “Polystichum aculeatum.” Plant Finder, https://www.plantwise.org/KnowledgeBank/Datasheet.aspx?dsid=58446. Accessed 24 May 2021.