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Description
Metrosideros Excelsa, commonly known as the Pōhutukawa Tree, is a species of flowering tree that is native to New Zealand. It belongs to the myrtle family and is known for its vibrant crimson flowers that bloom in summer. The Pōhutukawa tree is considered a symbol of New Zealand due to its cultural significance to the Māori people.
Taxonomic Information
| Domain | Eukarya |
| Kingdom | Plantae |
| Phylum | Tracheophyta |
| Class | Magnoliopsida |
| Order | Myrtales |
| Family | Myrtaceae |
| Genus | Metrosideros |
Appearance
The Pōhutukawa Tree can grow up to 20 meters in height and has a spreading canopy with dark green, leathery leaves. Its flowers are large and showy, with vibrant crimson petals and a mass of stamens in the center. The tree also produces small, woody capsules that contain numerous small seeds. The bark of the Pōhutukawa tree is thick and fibrous, with a reddish-brown color.
Care Guide
To care for your Pōhutukawa Tree, it is important to provide it with ample water, especially during dry periods. Fertilize the tree regularly with a balanced fertilizer to promote healthy growth. The tree prefers well-draining soil that is rich in organic matter. It grows best in full sunlight and can tolerate hardiness zones 9-10.
Common Pests & Diseases
The Pōhutukawa Tree is generally resistant to pests and diseases. However, it may be susceptible to scale insects and aphids. These pests can be controlled with insecticidal soap or horticultural oil. The tree may also be prone to fungal diseases, such as root rot or leaf spot, which can be prevented by providing proper drainage and avoiding overhead watering.
Habitat
The Pōhutukawa Tree is native to coastal areas of New Zealand’s North Island, where it grows in sandy or rocky soils near the ocean. It is often found growing on cliffs and rocky outcroppings, where its deep roots help anchor the tree against strong winds and waves.
Question and Answer
Q: Is the Pōhutukawa Tree drought tolerant?
A: While the Pōhutukawa Tree can tolerate some drought, it prefers moist soil and regular watering.
Q: Does the Pōhutukawa Tree attract wildlife?
A: Yes, the tree’s flowers attract nectar-feeding birds such as the tui and bellbird.
Q: Can the Pōhutukawa Tree be grown in containers?
A: While it is possible to grow the Pōhutukawa Tree in containers, it may not reach its full height and may require more frequent watering and fertilization.
Q: What is the cultural significance of the Pōhutukawa Tree?
A: The Pōhutukawa Tree is considered a symbol of New Zealand and is often associated with Christmas due to its vibrant red flowers blooming during the holiday season. It also holds cultural significance to the Māori people, who believe that the tree is a symbol of strength, perseverance, and the connection between the living and the dead.
Related Plants
– Metrosideros Umbellata- Metrosideros Kermadecensis- Metrosideros Robusta
References
– “Metrosideros excelsa.” New Zealand Plant Conservation Network. n.d. https://www.nzpcn.org.nz/flora/species/metrosideros-excelsa/- “Pōhutukawa.” Te Ara – The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. n.d. https://teara.govt.nz/en/pohutukawa- “Metrosideros Excelsa.” Missouri Botanical Garden. n.d. https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?taxonid=287947
