Contents
Description
Eruca is a genus of flowering plants in the family Brassicaceae. It includes several species of herbs that are commonly known as arugula or rocket. The plants are native to the Mediterranean region, but have been introduced and naturalized in many other parts of the world. Eruca is widely cultivated for its edible leaves, which are used in salads, sandwiches, and other dishes. The leaves have a distinctive peppery flavor that adds a zing to any recipe.
Taxonomic Information
| Domain | Eukaryota |
|---|---|
| Kingdom | Plantae |
| Phylum | Spermatophyta |
| Class | Magnoliopsida |
| Order | Brassicales |
| Family | Brassicaceae |
| Genus | Eruca |
Appearance
Eruca plants are annual or biennial herbs that grow up to 1 meter tall. The leaves are alternate, simple, and deeply lobed. They are bright green in color and have a distinctive peppery taste. The flowers are small, white or yellow, and clustered in racemes. The fruits are elongated siliques that contain many small seeds.
Care Guide
Eruca plants are easy to grow and care for. Here are some tips:
- Water: Eruca plants prefer moist soil, but do not tolerate waterlogging. Water regularly to keep the soil evenly moist.
- Fertilization: Eruca plants do not require much fertilizer. A light application of compost or organic fertilizer is sufficient.
- Soil: Eruca plants prefer well-draining soil that is rich in organic matter. They can tolerate a wide range of soil types, but prefer slightly alkaline soil.
- Sunlight: Eruca plants prefer full sun, but can tolerate partial shade. They require at least 4-6 hours of direct sunlight per day.
- Hardiness Zones: Eruca plants are hardy in zones 7-10. They can be grown as annuals in cooler climates.
Common Pests & Diseases
Eruca plants are relatively pest and disease resistant. However, they can be susceptible to the following:
- Aphids: These small, soft-bodied insects can suck the sap from the leaves and cause them to wilt. Use insecticidal soap or neem oil to control aphids.
- Cabbage Loopers: These green caterpillars can eat the leaves and damage the plant. Use Bacillus thuringiensis (BT) or spinosad to control cabbage loopers.
- Downy Mildew: This fungal disease can cause yellowing and wilting of the leaves. Use a fungicide containing copper to control downy mildew.
Habitat
Eruca plants are native to the Mediterranean region, but have been introduced and naturalized in many other parts of the world. They prefer warm, dry climates and can be found growing in fields, gardens, and along roadsides. Eruca plants are often grown as a cool-season crop in the fall and spring, but can be grown year-round in warm climates.
Question and Answer
Q: Can you eat the flowers of Eruca plants?
A: Yes, the flowers of Eruca plants are edible and can be used as a garnish or added to salads.
Q: How do you harvest Eruca leaves?
A: Harvest Eruca leaves when they are young and tender, before they become tough and bitter. Cut the leaves at the base of the stem, leaving some leaves on the plant to continue growing.
Q: How long does it take for Eruca plants to mature?
A: Eruca plants typically mature in 40-60 days, depending on the variety and growing conditions.
Q: Can Eruca plants be grown in containers?
A: Yes, Eruca plants can be grown in containers as long as they have enough room to grow and adequate sunlight and water.
Related Plants
- Brassica oleracea (kale)
- Brassica rapa (turnip)
- Brassica juncea (mustard)
- Raphanus sativus (radish)
- Nasturtium officinale (watercress)
References
- Arugula: Planting, Growing, and Harvesting Arugula Plants. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.almanac.com/plant/arugula
- Eruca sativa. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Eruca+sativa
- Eruca sativa. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eruca_sativa
